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International Conference on Information Security and Cryptology

ICISC 2017: Information Security and Cryptology – ICISC 2017 pp 175–188Cite as

Secure Number Theoretic Transform and Speed Record for Ring-LWE Encryption on Embedded Processors

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Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 10779))

Abstract

Compact implementations of the ring variant of the Learning with Errors (Ring-LWE) on the embedded processors have been actively studied due to potential quantum threats. Various Ring-LWE implementation works mainly focused on optimization techniques to reduce the execution timing and memory consumptions for high availability. For this reason, they failed to provide secure implementations against general side channel attacks, such as timing attack. In this paper, we present secure and fastest Ring-LWE encryption implementation on low-end 8-bit AVR processors. We targeted the most expensive operation, i.e. Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) based polynomial multiplication, to provide countermeasures against timing attacks and best performance among similar implementations till now. Our contributions for optimizations are concluded as follows: (1) we propose the Look-Up Table (LUT) based fast reduction techniques for speeding up the modular coefficient multiplication in regular fashion, (2) we use the modular addition and subtraction operations, which are performed in constant timing. With these optimization techniques, the proposed NTT implementation enhances the performance by 18.3–22% than previous works. Finally, our Ring-LWE encryption implementations require only 680,796 and 1,754,064 clock cycles for 128-bit and 256-bit security levels, respectively.

This research of Hwajeong Seo was supported by the MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program (IITP-2017-2014-0-00743) supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion). This work of Hyeokchan Kwon and Sokjoon Lee was supported by Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT). [B0717-16-0097, Development of V2X Service Integrated Security Technology for Autonomous Driving Vehicle]. This research of Taehwan Park and Howon Kim was supported by Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2012-0-00265, Development of high performance IoT device and Open Platform with Intelligent Software).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Two LUTs only require 1 KB (\(2^8 \times 2 + 2^8 \times 2\)) and the LUTs are stored in the ROM. Considering that AVR platforms support ROM size in 128, 256, and 384 KB, the ROM consumption of LUT is negligible.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of IT, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-792, Republic of Korea

    Hwajeong Seo

  2. APSIA, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg

    Zhe Liu

  3. School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, San-30, Jangjeon-Dong, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea

    Taehwan Park & Howon Kim

  4. System Security Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunciations Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea

    Hyeokchan Kwon & Sokjoon Lee

Authors
  1. Hwajeong Seo
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  2. Zhe Liu
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  3. Taehwan Park
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  4. Hyeokchan Kwon
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  5. Sokjoon Lee
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  6. Howon Kim
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Howon Kim .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pusan National University, Busan, Korea (Republic of)

    Howon Kim

  2. Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Dong-Chan Kim

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Seo, H., Liu, Z., Park, T., Kwon, H., Lee, S., Kim, H. (2018). Secure Number Theoretic Transform and Speed Record for Ring-LWE Encryption on Embedded Processors. In: Kim, H., Kim, DC. (eds) Information Security and Cryptology – ICISC 2017. ICISC 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10779. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78556-1_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78556-1_10

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-78556-1

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