Skip to main content

Tourism Place Experience Co-creation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Tourist Behavior

Abstract

The theory of experience economy argues that experiences are core drivers of value creation in the 21st century. In relation to this, the importance and potential of co-creating unique and personally meaningful experiences have been emphasised. Such experience co-creation is particularly relevant in tourism because production and consumption is inseparable and because tourists often seek to create their own experiences that fulfil their personal expectations and desires. In this chapter, we argue that because tourist experiences are experiences of place, place experience co-creation is central to value creation in tourism. Adding place to the co-creation discussion results in new and interesting perspectives. From the place experience perspective, the extent of co-creation in tourism depends on the degree to which place is controlled by tourism companies or co-created with tourists. This chapter uses this argument to build a model of tourism place experience co-creation. The role and potential of place co-creation is illustrated in a comparative case study of tourism businesses that shows how different business strategies can facilitate place experience co-creation. The findings suggest that place experience co-creation has wide-ranging potential in tourism and that it may ultimately lead not only to personal and meaningful tourist experiences but also to new business strategies, business models, and internal and external business brands.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bærenholdt, J. O., Haldrup, M., Larsen, J., & Urry, J. (2004). Performing tourist places. Farnham: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baum, T. (2005). Making or breaking the tourist experience: The role of human resource management. In C. Ryan (Ed.), The tourist experience (pp. 94–111). London: Thomson Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binkhorst, E., & Den Dekker, T. (2009). Agenda for co-creation tourism experience research. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 18(2–3), 311–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bitner, M. J., Booms, B. H., & Tetreault, M. S. (1990). The service encounter: Diagnosing favorable and unfavorable incidents. Journal of Marketing, 54, 71–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boswijk, A., Peelen, E., Olthof, S., & Beddow, C. (2012). Economy of experiences. Amsterdam: European Centre for the Experience and Transformation Economy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boswijk, A., Thijssen, T., & Peelen, E. (2007). The experience economy: A new perspective. Amsterdam: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. (1989). Moments of truth. New York: Harper Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crang, P. (1997). Performing the tourism product. In C. Rojek & J. Urry (Eds.), Touring cultures—Transformations of travel and theory (pp. 137–154). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N. (1970). Sociological methods: A sourcebook. Oxford: Butterworths.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edensor, T. (2001). Performing tourism, staging tourism. Tourist Studies, 1(1), 59–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edvardsson, B., Gustafsson, B., Johnson, M., & Sandén, B. (2000). New service development and innovation in the new economy. Lund: Studentlitteratur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ek, R., Larsen, J., Hornskov, S., & Mansfeldt, O. (2008). A dynamic framework of tourist experiences: Space-time and performances in the experience economy. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(2), 122–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallouj, F., & Weinstein, O. (1997). Innovation in services. Research Policy, 27(4–5), 537–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gieryn, T. F. (2000). A space for place in sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), 463–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giovanardi, M., Lucarelli, A., & Decosta, P. L. (2014). Co-performing tourism places: The ‘Pink Night’ festival. Annals of Tourism Research, 44, 102–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grönroos, C., & Voima, P. (2013). Critical service logic: Making sense of value creation and co-creation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(2), 133–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helkkula, A., Kelleher, C., & Pihlström, M. (2012). Characterizing value as an experience: Implications for service researchers and managers. Journal of Service Research, 15(1), 59–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyer, W. D., Chandy, R., Dorotic, M., Krafft, M., & Singh, S. S. (2010). Consumer cocreation in new product development. Journal of Service Research, 13(3), 283–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hultman, J., & Hall, C. M. (2012). Tourism place-making. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 547–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. New Directions for Program Evaluation, 1986(30), 73–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A. H. 1943. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, D. L. (2007). Paradigms lost and pragmatism regained: Methodological implications of combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 48–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Hern, M. S., & Rindfleisch, A. (2010). Customer co-creation: A typology and research agenda. Review of Marketing Research, 6, 84–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, A. F., Storbacka, K., & Frow, P. (2008). Managing the co-creation of value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 83–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pine, B., & Gilmore, J. (1999). The experience economy: Work is theatre and every business a stage. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (2013). The experience economy: Past, present and future. In J. Sundbo & F. Sørensen (Eds.), Handbook on the experience economy (pp. 21–44). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poon, A. (1993). Tourism, technology and competitive strategies. Oxford: CAB International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2004a). Co-creation experiences: The next practice in value creation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(3), 5–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2004b). The future of competition: Co-creating unique value with customers. Cambridge: Harvard Business Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prebensen, N. K., Vittersø, J., & Dahl, T. I. (2013). Value co-creation significance of tourist resources. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 240–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rakić, T., & Chambers, D. (2012). Rethinking the consumption of places. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(3), 1612–1633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherry, J. F. J., Kozinetz, R. V., & Borghini, S. (2006). Agents in paradise. In A. Caru & B. Cova (Eds.), Consuming experience (pp. 17–33). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. (1994). The tourism product. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 582–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen, F., & Jensen, J. (2012). Service encounter-based innovation and tourism. In E. Fayos-Solá, J. A. M. Silva, & J. Jafari (Eds.), Knowledge management in tourism: Policy and governance applications (Vol. 2012, pp. 129–152). Emerald: Bingley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen, F., & Jensen, J. F. (2015). Value creation and knowledge development in tourism experience encounters. Tourism Management, 46, 336–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen, F., & Sundbo, J. (2014). Potentials for user-based innovation in tourism: The example of GPs tracking of attraction visitors. In G. Alsos, D. Eide, & E. Madsen (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Innovation in Tourism Industries. (pp. 132–154). Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen, F., Sundbo, J., & Mattsson, J. (2013). Organisational conditions for service encounter-based innovation. Research Policy, 42(8), 1446–1456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sundbo, J., & Sørensen, F. (2013a). Handbook on the experience economy. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sundbo, J., & Sørensen, F. (2013b). Introduction to the experience economy. In J. Sundbo & F. Sørensen (Eds.), Handbook on the experience economy (pp. 1–20). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toivonen, M., & Tuominen, T. (2009). Emergence of innovations in services. Service Industries Journal, 29(7), 887–902.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuan, Y.-F. (1977). Space and place: The perspective of experience. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urry, J. (1995). Consuming places. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urry, J. (2002). The tourist gaze. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiermair, K. (2000). Tourists’ perceptions towards and satisfaction with service quality in the cross-cultural service encounter: Implications for hospitality and tourism management. Managing Service Quality, 10(6), 397–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Flemming Sørensen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sørensen, F., Jensen, J.F., Hagedorn-Rasmussen, P. (2018). Tourism Place Experience Co-creation. In: Kozak, M., Kozak, N. (eds) Tourist Behavior. Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78553-0_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics