Abstract
Situated along the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Philippines has a total installed capacity of 1916 MW geothermal energy, which makes it one of the world’s top producers. The Philippine Government aims to increase its renewable energy capacity to an estimated 15,304 MW by 2030 comprising of 1495 MW for geothermal capacity. In order to reach its interim targets for increasing geothermal installed capacity, the government must work closely with the private resource developers to expedite permit related-processes and avoid project delays, thereby supporting timely geothermal exploration and construction activities. With decades of experience in geothermal energy development, the Philippines has learned valuable lessons from its various and unique geothermal energy projects from the lowland accessible Makiling-Banahaw geothermal complex to the socio-culturally and environmentally sensitive Mindanao geothermal complex. The past controversies and successful stakeholder resolutions have shed light on the complicated connection between geothermal energy and stakeholders particularly that of the indigenous cultural communities and indigenous people.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the support of the Geothermal Energy Management Division—Renewable Energy Management Bureau—Department of Energy, the National Geothermal Association of the Philippines and the Energy Development Corporation.
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Ratio, M.A., Gabo-Ratio, J.A., Tabios-Hillebrecht, A.L. (2019). The Philippine Experience in Geothermal Energy Development. In: Manzella, A., Allansdottir, A., Pellizzone, A. (eds) Geothermal Energy and Society. Lecture Notes in Energy, vol 67. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78286-7_14
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