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Evolution of the Human Impact on Oceans: Tipping Points of Socio-ecological Coviability

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Coviability of Social and Ecological Systems: Reconnecting Mankind to the Biosphere in an Era of Global Change

Abstract

Since an important degree of the carbon dioxide (CO2) that mankind emits in the atmosphere ends up in the ocean as a result of gas exchange through the air-sea interface, the ocean acidifies itself (because of the reaction CO2 produces when it contacts water). Ocean acidification is one of the perturbing anthropogenic effects (because of human activity), not only for maritime ecosystems but also for Man himself as he will have to adapt. He will have to deal with variations in fisheries and other costal touristic activities (reduction of corals, and so on). However, the anthropogenic CO2 penetration in the ocean is not uniform, and the cold Polar Regions will be affected by the change faster than the warm tropical regions. The study that we are conducting addresses several points of the quantification, in time and space, of anthropogenic CO2 penetration in the ocean. One of them has permitted the identification of breaking points. We demonstrate that four tipping points can be located in order to quantify risks of ocean acidification, which may have as a result the dissolution of calcium carbonates that are indispensable to marine ecosystems (shells, corals, and so on).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Such as the recent Conference of the Parties of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992), 21st session (COP 21), Paris, 30 November -11 December 2015, and whose signed agreement in April 2016 has a legal force applicable to all parties.

  2. 2.

    http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F.

  3. 3.

    http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/files/858_1.pdf.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Perpignan - IMAGES, UMR ESPACE-DEV, Perpignan, France

    Catherine Goyet, Mohamed Anis Benallal, Véronique Guglielmi, Hadjer Moussa, Anne-Cécile Ribou & Franck Touratier

  2. OBS-Banyuls, Quai Racovizta, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France

    Amandine Bijoux

Authors
  1. Catherine Goyet
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  2. Mohamed Anis Benallal
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  3. Amandine Bijoux
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  4. Véronique Guglielmi
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  5. Hadjer Moussa
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  6. Anne-Cécile Ribou
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  7. Franck Touratier
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Catherine Goyet .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. IRD - French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, UMR ESPACE-DEV, Montpellier, France

    Olivier Barrière

  2. Center for Research on Environment, Human Security and Governance (CERES), Ibn Zohr University of Agadir, Agadir, Morocco

    Mohamed Behnassi

  3. IRD - French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, UMR ESPACE-DEV, Montpellier, France

    Gilbert David

  4. IRSTEA, National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture, Montpellier, France

    Vincent Douzal

  5. IRD - French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, UMR ESPACE-DEV, Montpellier, France

    Mireille Fargette

  6. University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France

    Thérèse Libourel

  7. IRD - French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, UMR ESPACE-DEV, Montpellier, France

    Maud Loireau

  8. University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France

    Laurence Pascal

  9. The Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

    Catherine Prost

  10. The Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil

    Voyner Ravena-Cañete

  11. IRD - French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, UMR ESPACE-DEV, Montpellier, France

    Frédérique Seyler

  12. CNRS – The French National Center for Scientific Research, Paris, France

    Serge Morand

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Goyet, C. et al. (2019). Evolution of the Human Impact on Oceans: Tipping Points of Socio-ecological Coviability. In: Barrière, O., et al. Coviability of Social and Ecological Systems: Reconnecting Mankind to the Biosphere in an Era of Global Change. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78111-2_12

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