Skip to main content

Degradation Laws of Mechanical Properties of Corroded Steel Bar of Existing Structures on Coastal Areas

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
10th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin (MONUBASIN 2017)

Abstract

As it is widely known, the effect of seismic actions on the existing structures, which are located on coastal areas, maintains a pending issue, given the harsh degradation of reinforced concrete, due to corrosion factor. Although corrosion phenomenon of steel reinforcement is time dependent; nevertheless, this type of issues is not mentioned in the existing technical standards. Consequently, the demanded terms and conditions to predict the remaining mechanical performance, with the use of degradation laws concerning the remaining strength and ductility of the steel rebars, are not available yet to the engineers who are responsible for the rehabilitation (before and after seismic phenomena).

For this reason, in the present study, an effort was made to document the prediction laws of the mechanical properties on strength (remaining yield strength) and ductility (the remaining strain recorded at the ultimate strength).

The prediction results of the mechanical properties (strength and ductility) of the steel reinforcement concern structures located in areas directly exposed to the sea (1000 m, XS1 exposure class according to EN 206 regulation), that are affected by marine atmosphere attack conditions (pitting corrosion).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Almusallam AA (2001) Effect of degree of corrosion on the properties of reinforcing steel bars. Constr Build Mater 15(8):361–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Crevello G, Matteini I, Noyce P (2016) The use of corrosion rates to predict material performance. Structure Magazine, pp 17–20

    Google Scholar 

  3. Eurocode 2 (2004) Design of concrete structures. BS EN 1992-1-1:2004

    Google Scholar 

  4. ΚΑΝ.ΕPΕ, Code of structural interventions of reinforced concrete buildings, English version after harmonization with Eurocode 8 Part 3, Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (E.E.P.O), Athens, Greece, 2013

    Google Scholar 

  5. CEB Durable concrete structures, CED Design Guide Bulletin d’ Information No. 182, Lausanne, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  6. Neville AM (1995) Properties of concrete. Longman, Essex

    Google Scholar 

  7. Tuutti K (1982) Corrosion of steel in concrete, Swedish cement and concrete research institute. Stochholm 82(4):486

    Google Scholar 

  8. Moreno E, Cobo A, González MN (2016) Effect of corrosion degree on different steel ductility parameters based on “equivalent steel” criterion. Int J Struct Integr 7(2):260–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Francois R, Khan I, Dang VH (2013) Impact of corrosion on mechanical properties of steel embedded in 27 year old corroded reinforced concrete beams. Mater Struct 46(6):899–910

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Imperatore S, Rinaldi Z (2008) Mechanical behaviour of corroded rebars and influence on the structural response of R/C elements. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting, Cape Town, South Africa, pp 489–495

    Google Scholar 

  11. Imperatore S, Leonardi A, Rinaldi Z (2016) Strength decay of RC sections for chloride attack. Int J Struct Integr 7(2):194–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Maslehuddin M, Allam IM, Al-Sulaimani GJ, Al-Mana AI, Abduijauwad SN (1990) Effect of rusting of reinforcing steel on its mechanical properties and bond with concrete. ACI Mater J 87(5):496–502

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Apostolopoulos CA, Papadopoulos MP, Pantelakis SG (2006) Tensile behavior of corroded reinforcing steel bars BSt 500s. Constr Build Mater 20(9):782–789

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Apostolopoulos CA, Papadopoulos MP (2007) Tensile and low cycle fatigue behavior of corroded reinforcing steel bars S400. Constr Build Mater 21(4):855–864

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Papadopoulos MP, Apostolopoulos CA, Alexopoulos ND, Pantelakis SG (2007) Effect of salt spray corrosion exposure on the mechanical performance of different technical class reinforcing steel bars. Mater Des 28(8):2318–2328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Alexopoulos ND, Apostolopoulos CA, Papadopoulos MP, Pantelakis SG (2007) Mechanical performance of BStIV grade steel bars with regard to the long-term material degradation due to corrosion damage. Constr Build Mater 21(6):1362–1369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Apostolopoulos CΑ, Michalopoulos D (2007) The impact of corrosion on the mechanical behavior of steel undergoing plastic deformation. Mater Corros 58(1):5–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Apostolopoulos CA, Papadakis VG (2007) Mechanical behavior of reinforcement stirrups BSt 500s at corrosive environment. J Mater Eng Perform 16(2):236–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Apostolopoulos CA, Papadakis VG (2008) Consequences of steel corrosion on the ductility properties of reinforcement bar. Constr Build Mater 22(12):2316–2324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Apostolopoulos CA (2009) The influence of corrosion and cross-section diameter on the mechanical properties of B500c steel. J Mater Eng Perform 18(2):190–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Papadopoulos MP, Apostolopoulos CA, Zervaki AD, Haidemenopoulos GN (2011) Corrosion of exposed rebars, associated mechanical degradation and correlation with accelerated corrosion tests. Constr Build Mater 25(8):3367–3374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Apostolopoulos CA, Demis S, Papadakis VG (2013) Chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement–mechanical performance and pit depth analysis. Constr Build Mater 38:139–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Apostolopoulos A, Matikas T, Apostolopoulos C, Diamantogiannis G (2013) Pit corrosion examination of bare and embedded steel bar. In: 10th international scientific and technical conference, Advanced Metal Materials and Technologies (AMMT’2013), Saint Petresburg, June 25–29, pp 489–495

    Google Scholar 

  24. Moreno E, Cobo A, Palomo G, González MN (2014) Mathematical models to predict the mechanical behavior of reinforcements depending on their degree of corrosion and the diameter of the rebars. Constr Build Mater 61:156–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ou YC, Susanto YTT, Roh H (2016) Tensile behavior of naturally and artificially corroded steel bars. Constr Build Mater 103:93–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. EKOS 2000, Greek concrete Regulation

    Google Scholar 

  27. Eurocode 8 (2005) Design of Structures for earthquake resistance, Part3

    Google Scholar 

  28. EN 206-1: Concrete, Part 1: Specification, performance production and conformity

    Google Scholar 

  29. Apostolopoulos CA, Kappatos V (2013) Tensile properties of corroded embedded steel bats B500c in concrete. Int J Struct Integr 4(2):275–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Taha NA, Morsy M (2016) Study of the behavior of corroded steel bar and convenient method of repairing. Hous Build Nat Res Cent J 12(2):107–113

    Google Scholar 

  31. Imperatore I, Leonardi A, Rinaldi Z (2002) Mechanical behaviour of corroded rebars in reinforced concrete elements. Mech Models Methods LNACM 61:207–220

    Google Scholar 

  32. Fernandez I (2015) Corrosion effects on the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel bars. Fatigue and σ-ε behavior. Constr Build Mater 101(1):772–783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Apostolopoulos CA, Drakakaki A, Apostolopoulos A, Matikas T, Rudskoi AI, Kondzhaspirov G (2017) Characteristic defects- corrosion damage and mechanical behavior of dual phase rebar. Mater Phys Mech 30:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  34. Imperatore S, Rinaldi Z, Drago C (2017) Degradation relationships for the mechanical properties of corroded steel rebars. Constr Build Mater 148:219–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Capozucca R (1995) Damage to reinforced concrete due to the reinforcement corrosion. Constr Build Mater 9(5):295–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Gang X, Tiancheng A, Qin W, Jun W (2010) Simulation analysis on mechanical properties for corroded deformed steel bar. In: Proceeding ICDMA’10, proceedings of international conference on digital manufacturing & automation, Changsha, China, 18–20 December vol 2, pp 350–353

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charis Apostolopoulos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Apostolopoulos, C., Drakakaki, A., Basdeki, M., Apostolopoulos, A. (2018). Degradation Laws of Mechanical Properties of Corroded Steel Bar of Existing Structures on Coastal Areas. In: Koui, M., Zezza, F., Kouis, D. (eds) 10th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin. MONUBASIN 2017. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78093-1_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics