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The Victimised

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Abstract

Almost all nations have been the victims of others at one time or another. The nationalist movements that grew up with industrialisation and mass education in the nineteenth century fed on stories of their ancestors’ suffering. They freed the Balkans from Ottoman control but their anger has continued to tear the area apart down to the collapse of Yugoslavia. Nationalist movements played a major part in causing the two World Wars and they still continue to threaten the unity of Spain, the United Kingdom and other countries. Historical resentments add to the ferment in the Muslim world and cause bitter arguments between China, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea over the history of the Second World War.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Alistair Moffat, The British: A Genetic Journey, Virlinn, Edinburgh, 2013, pp. 204–205.

  2. 2.

    Elizabeth Furniss, The Burden of History: Colonialism and the Frontier Myth in a Rural Canadian Community, UBC Press, Vancouver, 1999.

  3. 3.

    Henry Hardy, Editor, Isaiah Berlin, The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas, Pimlico, London, 2013, pp. 267–268. Manhari, Chatterjee Miller, Wronged by Empire: Post-Imperial Ideology and Foreign Policy in India and China, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2013. Aaron L. Friedberg, ‘Globalisation and Chinese grand strategy’, Survival, February–March 2018.

  4. 4.

    Gallup Pakistan Weekly Cyberletter, 22 September 2014, Gilani Research Foundation.

  5. 5.

    ‘Lee Teng-hui’s benefits as ex-president may be stripped’, China News Agency, 21 August 2015; ‘Lien’s attendance of China’s WWII anniversary parade improper’ China News Agency, 29 August 2019; ‘Controversy over Lien’s presence at WWII parade in Beijing lingers’, China News Agency, 4 September 2015.

  6. 6.

    Tota Ishimaru, Japan Must Fight Britain, Paternoster Library, London, 1936; William Henry Chamberlain, Japan over Asia, Duckworth, London, 1938, p. 172.

  7. 7.

    Naoto Kagotani, ‘Japan’s commercial penetration into British India’, in Philip Towle and Nobuko Margaret Kosuge, Editors, Britain and Japan in the Twentieth Century, I. B. Tauris, London, 2007, pp. 62–81.

  8. 8.

    Paul Einzig, The Japanese “New Order” in Asia, Macmillan, London, 1943; Mark Parillo, The Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1993; Mark Harrison, The Economics of World War II, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998.

  9. 9.

    For a classic study of the change in the Middle East see Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society, Free Press, Glencoe, 1958.

  10. 10.

    YouGov Survey, 27–29 January and 3–4 February 2013.

  11. 11.

    MPs and Defence: A Survey of Parliamentary Knowledge and Opinion, Institute for European Defence and Strategic Studies, London, 1988, tables 7 and 8.

  12. 12.

    For the Sino–Japanese war see Rana Mitter, China’s War with Japan: The Struggle for Survival 1937–1945, Penguin, London, 2014; for Mao’s impact see Frank Dikotter, Mao’s Great Famine: The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe 1958–1962, Bloomsbury, London, 2011.

  13. 13.

    ‘Neutral Europe cannot shut its eyes’, The Times, 3 September 1877.

  14. 14.

    Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey through Yugoslavia, Macmillan, London, 1955.

  15. 15.

    West, Black Lamb, p. 519.

  16. 16.

    Milovan Djilas, Land without Justice: An Autobiography of his Youth, Methuen, London, 1958, p. 90.

  17. 17.

    Robert D. Kaplan, Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History, St Martin’s Press, New York, 1993. For the ensuing controversy see Timothy Garton Ash, ‘Bosnia in Our Future’, New York Review of Books, 21 December 1995; Robert D. Kaplan reply to Timothy Garton Ash, New York Review of Books, 21 March 1996.

  18. 18.

    V. D. Volkan in Gobodo-Madikizela and Van Der Merwe, Editors, Memory, Narrative and Forgiveness, Cambridge Scholars, Newcastle, p. 10.

  19. 19.

    David Thomson, Woodbrook, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1976, pp. 10, 26 and 71. In contrast see Dean William Inge, England, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1938, p. 66, ‘An Englishman is simply unable to comprehend the brooding hatred of the Irishman, which has no better ground than that Cromwell exercised the laws of war somewhat severely against the Irish rebels, and that William III won the battle of the Boyne’.

  20. 20.

    Enda Delaney, The Curse of Reason: The Great Irish Famine, Gill and Macmillan, Dublin, 2012.

  21. 21.

    Conor Cruise O’Brien, States of Ireland, Hutchinson, London, 1972, pp. 43–44.

  22. 22.

    Thomson, Woodbrook, p. 181.

  23. 23.

    F. S. L. Lyons, Culture and Anarchy in Ireland, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1979, chapter six; John Hutchinson, The Dynamics of Cultural Nationalism: The Gaelic Revival and the Creation of the Irish National State, Allen and Unwin, London, 1987.

  24. 24.

    Sheena Ashford and Noel Timms, What Europe Thinks: A Study of Western European Values, Dartmouth, Aldershot, 1992, p. 90.

  25. 25.

    Bernadotte C. Hayes and Ian McAllister, ‘Public support for political violence and paramilitaries in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland’, Terrorism and Political Violence, 2005, 17, 599–617.

  26. 26.

    Hayes and McAllister, ‘Public support’, p. 607.

  27. 27.

    Hugh Miller, First Impressions of England and Its People, William P. Nimmo, Edinburgh, 1869, pp. 3, 4 and 10.

  28. 28.

    Moray McLaren, The Scots, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1951, p. 8. For a brief history of the union between the two countries see Richard Pares, ‘A quarter of a millennium of Anglo-Scottish Union’, in Bernard Pares, The Historian’s Business and Other Essays, Clarendon, Oxford, 1961, 84–99.

  29. 29.

    ‘How education makes people less religious—and less superstitious too’, The Economist, 11 October 2014, p. 73.

  30. 30.

    Richard Fletcher, The Cross and the Crescent: Christianity and Islam from Muhammad to the Reformation, Viking, New York, 2004: Bernard Lewis, From Babel to Dragomans: Interpreting the Middle East, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 2004. The first third of Richard David’s one volume edition of Hakluyt’s Voyages contains numerous descriptions of Arab enslavement of European seamen but little or nothing about European slavery see Richard David, Editor, Hakluyt’s Voyages, Chatto and Windus, London, 1981.

  31. 31.

    For analysis of the validity of personal feelings of victimisation see Alyson M. Cole, The Cult of True Victimhood: From the War of Welfare to the War on Terror, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2007.

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Towle, P. (2018). The Victimised. In: History, Empathy and Conflict. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77959-1_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77959-1_2

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  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham

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