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Targeting Metabolic Cross Talk between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts

  • Chapter
The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1063))

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Abstract

Although tumorigenesis has classically been regarded as a genetic disease of uncontrolled cell growth, the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is continuously emphasized by the accumulating evidence that cancer growth is not simply dependent on the cancer cells themselves [1, 2] but also dependent on angiogenesis [3–6], inflammation [7, 8], and the supporting roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) [9, 10]. After the discovery that CAFs are able to remodel the tumor matrix within the TME and provide the nutrients and chemicals to promote cancer cell growth [11], many studies have aimed to uncover the cross talk between cancer and CAFs. Moreover, a new paradigm in cancer metabolism shows how cancer cells act like “metabolic parasites” to uptake the high-energy metabolites, such as lactate, ketone bodies, free fatty acid, and glutamine from supporting cells, including CAFs and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) [12, 13]. This chapter provides an overview of the metabolic coupling between CAFs and cancer to further define the therapeutic options to disrupt the CAF-cancer cell interactions.

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Abbreviations

βOHB:

β-Hydroxybutyrate

ACAT1:

Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase

ACC:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

ACCA:

Alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid

ACLY:

ATP citrate lyase

ASCT2:

Alanine, serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2

BDH1:

3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1

CAAs:

Cancer-associated adipocytes

CAFs:

Cancer-associated fibroblasts

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

FASN:

Fatty acid synthase

G3P:

Glycerol-3-phosphate

GLS:

Glutaminase

HGH:

Human growth hormone

HMG-CoA:

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

HMGCS2:

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2

HSP60:

Heat-shock protein 60

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

MCT1:

Monocarboxylate transporter 1

MCT4:

Monocarboxylate transporter 4

MMP:

Matrix metalloprotease

OXPHOS:

Oxidative phosphorylation

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PIP3:

Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid

TME:

Tumor microenvironment

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Jin G. Jung

  2. Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Anne Le

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  1. Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Anne Le MD, HDR

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Jung, J.G., Le, A. (2018). Targeting Metabolic Cross Talk between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. In: Le, A. (eds) The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1063. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77736-8_12

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