Abstract
Dissolution of the bipolar political and military system in Europe in the early 1990s had brought significant changes. The Soviet Union lost control over its empire and the Warsaw Pact dissolved and stopped existing as a military alliance. There has been a multitude of attempts to assess the implications of those changes.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
It was also pointed out then that it would be advisable to reduce nuclear arsenals following multilateral negotiations on the matter. This meant in practice a diminishing of the role of nuclear deterrent in the NATO doctrine.
- 3.
Before that, the German Democratic Republic was in reality a front flank of the Red Army which in turn resulted in heavy presence of West German military on the Baltic Sea coast.
- 4.
In particular, this concerned Ireland which at the time was the only member of the European Community of such status.
- 5.
It was perceived as a symbolic end of the Cold War; more on the subject in: Karvonen, Sundelius (1996, p. 247).
- 6.
C. Bildt claimed that in that field Sweden had the same interest as other European states, namely actively preventing any threats that might appear on the continent in the future.
- 7.
Therefore, the term “neutrality” did not disappear from government declarations until the opinion of the European Commission was received, which gave impulse to the government that a deeper revision of security doctrine was required.
- 8.
It should be emphasized that in the Cold War period the policy of neutrality was also to secure a maximum freedom of maneuver in any sort of crisis situation on the European continent.
- 9.
For more, see: (Lindbom 2001, p. 171) and also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9477.00052/abstract, retrieved: February 11, 2014.
- 10.
Sweden submitted the applications to the Community twice before, in 1961 and in 1967. In the former case, the government stated that only an associate membership was acceptable because full membership would have been incompatible with neutrality. In the latter, the Community did not accept Swedish reservations regarding absolute neutrality.
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Czarny, R.M. (2018). Evolution of the Policy of Neutrality. In: Sweden: From Neutrality to International Solidarity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77513-5_9
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