Abstract
In 1939, ‘von’ Hayek sought to persuade the BBC to employ him for propaganda broadcasts instead of the then-employed ‘Viennese Jew’ with a ‘very unpleasant’ Jewish accent. He also proposed the establishment of a Propaganda Commission—it was ‘important, in view of the prejudices existing not only in Germany, not to have a person of Jewish race or descent on the commission.’ After Hitler’s defeat, Hayek became a leading Cold War propagandist. After his 1974 Nobel Prize, Hayek made a series of nuanced and misleading ‘confessions’ about the deflation that he and Mises had promoted and which had facilitated Hitler’s rise to power. The truth-content of these ‘confessions’ appears to resemble the truth-content of the Mises-inspired mythology that Germans were the ‘villains’ and Austrians the ‘victims’ and that Nazism had not originated in Austria (where the evidence suggests it had been promoted by Hayek’s family).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics (and Related Projects)
Leeson, R. (Ed.). (2015). Hayek: A Collaborative Biography Part II Austria, America and the Rise of Hitler, 1899–1933. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Leeson, R. (2018). Hayek: A Collaborative Biography Part VIII The Constitution of Liberty: ‘Shooting in Cold Blood’ Hayek’s Plan for the Future of Democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Magliulo, A. (2018). Hayek and the Braun Commission. In R. Leeson (Ed.), Hayek: A Collaborative Biography Part XI ‘Fascism’ and Liberalism in the (Austrian) Classical Tradition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sayer, I. (2015). Hayek: A Collaborative Biography Part III Fraud, Fascism and Free Market Religion (R. Leeson, Ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Teacher, D. (2018a). ‘Neutral Academic Data’ and the International Right (1). In R. Leeson (Ed.), Hayek: A Collaborative Biography Part XI Liberalism in the (Austrian) Classical Tradition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Teacher, D. (2018b). ‘Neutral Academic Data’ and the International Right (2). In R. Leeson (Ed.), Hayek: A Collaborative Biography Part XI Liberalism in the (Austrian) Classical Tradition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Other References
Arrow, K. (2009). Roads to Wisdom, Conversations with Ten Nobel Laureates in Economics (K. I. Horn, Ed.). Chelmsford: Edward Elgar.
Arrow, K. J., Bernheim, B. D., Feldstein, M. S., McFadden, D. L., Poterba, J. M., & Solow, R. M. (2011). 100 Years of the American Economic Review: The Top 20 Articles. American Economic Review, 101(1), 1–8.
Boettke, P. J. (2007). The Economics of Atlas Shrugged. In E. W. Younkins (Ed.), Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged: A Philosophical and Literary Companion. New York: Routledge.
Boettke, P. J. (2010, October 20). Scale, Scope and the Political Economy of the State. Coordination Problem. http://www.coordinationproblem.org/2010/10/scale-scope-and-the-political-economy-of-the-state.html.
Boller, P. F., & George, J. H. (1989). They Never Said It: A Book of Fake Quotes, Misquotes, and Misleading Attributions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bork, R. (1989, December 8). The Case of Political Judges. National Review, 23–28.
Bork, R. (2013). Saving Justice: Watergate, the Saturday Night Massacre, and Other Adventures of a Solicitor General. New York: Encounter.
Bullock, A. (1991). Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. New York: Harper Perennial.
Caldwell, B. (1995). Editorial Notes. In B. Caldwell (Ed.), Contra Keynes and Cambridge. The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Chamberlain, J. (1944). Foreword. In F. A. Hayek (Ed.), The Road to Serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Childers, E. (1903). Riddle of the Sands. London: Smith, Elders and Company.
Cubitt, C. (2006). A Life of August von Hayek. Bedford, England: Authors on line.
Davenport, J. (1974, August 22). Remarks by John A. Davenport to Participants of the ISI Conference Malibu Beach, California. Davenport Archives Box 38.10.
Davenport, J. (1981, July). Reflections on Mont Pelerin. The Mont Pelerin Society Newsletter.
Davenport, J. (1983, October 1). Why Not Deregulate Labor? FEE. https://fee.org/articles/why-not-deregulate-labor/.
Davidson, E. (1966). The Trials of the Germans: An Account of the Twenty-two Defendants Before the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. London: Macmillan.
de Freytas-Tamura, K. (2017, January 25). George Orwell’s ‘1984’ Is Suddenly a Best-Seller. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/25/books/1984-george-orwell-donald-trump.html.
Deist, J. (2017, February 17). Democracy, the God That’s Failing. Mises Wire. https://mises.org/blog/democracy-god-thats-failing.
Dillard, D. (1948). The Economics of John Maynard Keynes. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Dillard, D. (1975). A Discussion with Friedrich von Hayek. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
Durbin, E. F. (1985). New Jerusalems: The Labour Party and the Economics of Democratic Socialism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Ebeling, R. M. (1975, July). The Second Austrian Conference. Libertarian Forum, 7(7), 4–8. http://rothbard.altervista.org/articles/libertarian-forum/lf-7-7.pdf.
Einzig, P. (1937). World Finance, 1935–1937. New York: Macmillan.
Fisher, R. (1986, July 21). Moscow’s Strategy in Southern Africa: A Country by Country Review. Heritage Foundation. www.heritage.org/europe/report/moscows-strategy-southern-africa-country-country-review.
Friedman, M. F. (1973, April). Introduction. To F. A. Hayek’s Talk at Mont Pelerin. Mont Pelerin Society Newsletter, p. 3. MPS Archives Box 48.4.
Friedman, M. F., & Friedman, R. D. (1998). Two Lucky People: Memoirs. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gregory, T. E., von Hayek, F. A., Plant, A., & Robbins, L. (1932, October 19). Spending and Saving Public Works from Rates. The Times, p. 11.
Grinder, W. (1977, July). Crosscurrents. Libertarian Review. https://www.libertarianism.org/lr/LR777.pdf.
Haberler, G. (1975). A Discussion with Friedrich von Hayek. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
Hamowy, R. (2003). Memories of Rothbard and Hayek. LewRockwell.com. http://www.lewrockwell.com/2003/07/murray-n-rothbard/memories-of-rothbard-and-hayek/.
Hartwell, R. M. (1995). A History of the Mont Pelerin Society. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Hayek, F. A. (1933, May). The Trend of Economic Thinking. Economica, 40, 121–137.
Hayek, F. A. (1937, February). Economics and Knowledge. Economica, 4, 33–54.
Hayek, F. A. (1939). Profit, Interest and Investment. London: Routledge.
Hayek, F. A. (1944). The Road to Serfdom. London: Routledge.
Hayek, F. A. (1945). The Use of Knowledge in Society. American Economic Review, 35(4), 519–530.
Hayek, F. A. (1954). History and Politics. In F. A. Hayek (Ed.), Capitalism and the Historians. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Hayek, F. A. (1960). The Constitution of Liberty. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hayek, F. A. (1974a, December 11). The Pretence of Knowledge. https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1974/hayek-lecture.html.
Hayek, F. A. (1974b). Inflation and Unemployment. Mimeo. Hayek Archives Box 129.16.
Hayek, F. A. (1975a). Face the Press. https://mises.org/library/hayek-meets-press-1975.
Hayek, F. A. (1975b). A Discussion with Friedrich von Hayek. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute. https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Discussion-with-Friedrich-von-Hayek-text.pdf.
Hayek, F. A. (1976). Choice in Currency a Way to Stop Inflation. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
Hayek, F. A. (1977, September). An Interview with Friedrich Hayek. By Richard Ebeling. Libertarian Review, 10–18. Hayek Archives Box 109.14.
Hayek, F. A. (1978a). Oral History Interviews. Los Angeles: Centre for Oral History Research, University of California. http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/.
Hayek, F. A. (1978b). New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hayek, F. A. (1979). The Text of ‘Inside the Hayek Equation.’ Hayek Archives Box 109.26.
Hayek, F. A. (1980, April). Interview with Lawrence Minard. Forbes. Reprinted in Mont Pelerin Society Newsletter. MPS Archives Box 67.
Hayek, F. A. (1983, February). Interview with F. A. Hayek. Cato Policy Report. http://www.cato.org/policy-report/february-1982/interview-fa-hayek.
Hayek, F. A. (1984a). 1980 s Unemployment and the Unions: The Distortion of Relative Prices by Monopoly in the Labour Market. Essays on the impotent price structure of Britain and monopoly in the labour market. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
Hayek, F. A. (1985, June). Professor Friedrich Hayek’s Closing Speech. Mont Pelerin Society Newsletter. MPS Archives Box 67.
Hayek, F. A. (1992a). The Fortunes of Liberalism Essays on Austrian Economics and the Ideal of Freedom the Collected Works of F.A. Hayek (P. Klein, Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hayek, F. A. (1992b [1977], July). The Road from Serfdom. Reason. http://reason.com/archives/1992/07/01/the-road-from-serfdom/5.
Hayek, F. A. (1994). Hayek on Hayek an Autobiographical Dialogue. Supplement to The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek (S. Kresge & L. Wenar, Eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hayek, F. A. (1995). Contra Keynes and Cambridge. The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek (B. Caldwell, Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hayek, F. A. (1999a). Good Money, Part 1. The New World. The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek (S. Kresge, Ed.). London: Routledge.
Hayek, F. A. (1999b). Good Money, Part 2. The Standard. The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek (S. Kresge, Ed.). London: Routledge.
Hayek, F. A. (2009b [1979]). A Conversation with Professor Friedrich A. Hayek. In D. Pizano (Ed.), Conversations with Great Economists. Mexico: Jorge Pinto Books.
Hayek, F. A. (2010). Studies on the Abuse and Decline of Reason. The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek (B. Caldwell, Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hayek, F. A. (2013). Law, Legislation and Liberty. London: Routledge.
Hazlitt, H. (2004, November 1). The Mont Pelerin Society. The Freeman. https://fee.org/articles/the-mont-pelerin-society/.
Heldman, D. C., Bennett, J. T., & Johnson, M. H. (1981). Deregulating Labor Relations. Dallas: Fisher Institute.
Hoppe, H.-H. (2001). Democracy The God that Failed: The Economics and Politics of Monarchy, Democracy and Natural Order. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Howson, S. (2011). Lionel Robbins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hülsmann, J. G. (2007). Mises: The Last Knight of Liberalism. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Hunold, A. (1962). How the Mont Pelerin Society Lost it’s Soul. Mimeo. Zurich. Hayek Archives Box 129.10.
Jenks, J. (2006). British Propaganda and News Media in the Cold War. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Jenks, J. (2015). Authoritative Sources: The Information Research Department, Journalism and Publishing. In R. Leeson (Ed.), Hayek: A Collaborative Biography Part III Fraud, Fascism and Free Market Religion. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Keynes, J. M. (1936). General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. New York and London: Harcourt, Brace.
Kirk, T. (1996). Nazism and the Working Class in Austria: Industrial Unrest and Political Dissent in the National Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Koether, G. (2000). A Life Among Austrians. Austrian Economics Newsletter. 20.3. https://mises.org/system/tdf/aen20_3_1_0.pdf?file=1&type=document.
Kristol, I. (1995). Neoconservatism: The Autobiography of an Idea. New York: Free Press.
Kuehnelt-Leddihn, E. M. (pseudonym Campbell, F. S). (1978 [1943]). The Menace of the Herd: Or, Procrustes at Large (Studies in Conservative Philosophy). New York: Gordon Press.
Kummer, F. (1932). German Trade-Unions and Their 1931 Congress. Monthly Labor Review, 34(1), 13–18.
Lackmann, L. (1978). An Interview with Ludwig Lackman. Austrian Economic Newsletter, 1(3) (Fall). https://mises.org/library/interview-ludwig-lachmann.
Lashmar, P., & Oliver, J. (1998). Britain’s Secret Propaganda War. Stroud: Sutton Publishing Company.
Lawson, V. (2003, November 24). Death Orgasms—Yours for $34.95. Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/11/23/1069522473826.html.
Le Queux, W. T. (1894). The Great War in England in 1897. London: Tower.
Le Queux, W. T. (1906). The Invasion of 1910 with an account of the Siege of London. London: E. Nash.
Ledeen, M. (1980, September 1). The Spike, by Arnaud de Borchgrave and Robert Moss. Commentary. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/the-spike-by-arnaud-de-borchgrave-and-robert-moss/.
Leeson, R., & Schiffman, D. (2015). The Triumph of Rhetoric: Pigou as Keynesian Whipping Boy and its Unintended Consequences. In R. Leeson (Ed.), Hayek: A Collaborative Biography Part III Fraud, Fascism and Free Market Religion. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Leube, K. R. (2016, May 16). An Interview with F. A. Hayek’s Student, Kurt Leube. By Rosamaria Bitetti Epicentre. http://www.epicenternetwork.eu/blog/an-interview-with-f-a-hayeks-student-kurt-leube/.
Maddison, A. (1982). Phases of Capitalist Development. New York: Oxford University Press.
Magliulo, A. (2016). Hayek and the Great Depression of 1929: Did he really change his mind? European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 23(1).
Martin, A. (2010, September). The Analects of Boettke. Journal of Private Enterprise, 26(1), 125–141.
McCormick, D. (1959). The Mystery of Lord Kitchener’s Death. London: Putnam.
McCormick, D. (1976). Taken for a Ride: The History of Cons and Con-men. London: Hardwood Smart.
McCormick, D. (1986). The Truth Twisters. London: MacDonalds.
McCormick, D. (1993). 17F—The Life of Ian Fleming. London: Peter Owen.
McCormick, D. (pseudonym: Deacon, R.). (1969). A History of the British Secret Service. London: Frederick Muller.
McCormick, D. (pseudonym: Deacon, R.). (1973). The Master Book of Spies: The World of Espionage, Master Spies, Tortures, Interrogations, Spy Equipment, Escapes, Codes & How You Can Become a Spy. London: Hodder Causton.
McCormick, D. (pseudonym: Deacon, R.). (1978). The Silent War: A History of Western Naval Intelligence. London: David and Charles.
McCormick, D. (pseudonym: Deacon, R.). (1979). The British Connection Russia’s Manipulation of British Individuals and Institutions. London: Hamish Hamilton.
McCormick, D. (pseudonym: Deacon, R.). (1990). The Greatest Treason: The Bizarre Story of Hollis, Liddell and Mountbatten (Revised Edition). London: Century.
Mises, L. (1932). Die Gemeinwirtschaft: Untersuchungen über den Sozialismus (2nd ed.). Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
Mises, L. (1974). Planning for Freedom and Twelve Other Essays and Addresses. South Holland, IL: Libertarian Press.
Mises, M. (1984). My Years with Ludwig von Mises (2nd ed.). Cedar Falls, IA: Center for Futures Education.
Mises, L. (1985 [1927]). Liberalism in the Classical Tradition (R. Raico, Trans.). Auburn, AL: Mises Institute.
Mises, L. (1998 [1949]). Human Action A Treatise on Economics the Scholars Edition. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Mises, L. (2006). The Causes of the Economic Crisis and Other Essays Before and After the Great Depression (P. Greaves, Ed.). Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Mises, L. (2007 [1958]). Mises and Rothbard letters to Ayn Rand. Journal of Libertarian Studies, 21(4), 11–16.
Mises, L. (2009a/1978 [1940]). Memoirs. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Mises, L. (2009b). Liberty and Property. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Morgan, L. (2011, July 18). End of a Royal Dynasty as Otto von Habsburg is Laid to Rest… With His Heart Buried in a Crypt 85 Miles Away. MailOnline.
Moss, R. (1973). Chile’s Marxist Experiment. New York: John Wiley.
Muggeridge, M. (1981). Like it was: The diaries of Malcolm Muggeridge (J. Bright-Holmes, Ed.). New York: William Morrow.
Nixon, R. (1980). The Real War. New York: Warner Books.
Norton-Taylor, R. (2005, April 1). Months Before War, Rothermere Said Hitler’s Work was Superhuman. Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/apr/01/pressandpublishing.secondworldwar.
O’Brien, T., & Rohter, L. (2004, December 7). U.S. and Others Gave Millions To Pinochet. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/07/business/us-and-others-gave-millions-to-pinochet.html.
Piketty, T., & Zucman, G. (2015). Wealth and Inheritance in the Long Run. In A. B. Atkinson & F. Bourguignon (Eds.), Handbook of Income Distribution (Vol. 2A). Amsterdam: North Holland.
Pincher, C. (1981). Their Trade is Treachery. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
Pugh, M. (2005). Hurrah For The Blackshirts! Fascists and Fascism in Britain Between the Wars. London: Jonathan Cape.
Raina, P. K. (2001). George Macaulay Trevelyan: A Portrait in Letters. Edinburgh: Pentland.
Rees, G. (1972). A Chapter of Accidents. New York: Liberty Press.
Rizzo, M. (2009, October 20). Hayek on Deflation and the Great Depression. Coordination Problem. http://austrianeconomists.typepad.com/weblog/2009/10/hayek-on-deflation-and-the-great-depression.html.
Rockwell, L. H., Jr. (1994, December). The Cognitive State. Rothbard-Rockwell Report. http://www.unz.org/Pub/RothbardRockwellReport-1994dec-00018.
Rockwell, L. H., Jr. (1998, September 15). Mises and Liberty. ‘This was the keynote address at the Ludwig von Mises Institute’s new building dedication and conference on the great Austrian economists, June 5–6, in Auburn, Alabama.’ Mises Institute. https://mises.org/library/mises-and-liberty.
Rothbard, M. N. 1994. Nation by Consent. Decomposing the National State. Journal of Libertarian Studies, 11(1), 1–10. https://mises.org/library/uk-nation-consent.
Rothbard, M. N. (2010). Strictly Confidential: The Private Volker Fund Memos of Murray N. Rothbard (D. Gordon, Ed.). Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Rothbard, M. N. (2012 [1979]). Myth and Truth About Libertarianism. https://mises.org/library/myth-and-truth-about-libertarianism.
Rubin, H. (2007, September 15). Ayn Rand’s Literature of capitalism. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/15/business/15atlas.html.
Ruckelshaus, W. D. (2017, July 27). ‘Saturday Night Massacre’ Veteran Offers Trump Some Advice. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/27/opinion/a-saturday-night-massacre-veteran-offers-trump-some-advice.html.
Russell, B. 1935. Some Psychological Difficulties of Pacifism in Wartime. In Bell, J. (Ed.), We Did Not Fight 1914–1918 Experiences of War Resisters. London: Cobden-Sanderson.
Sanders, M. L. (1975). Wellington House and British Propaganda During the First World War. The Historical Journal, 18, 119–146.
Sereny, G. (1985, May 9). The Sage of the Free Thinking World. The Times.
Shirer, W. L. (1960). Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. London: Secker and Warburg.
Spitznagel, M. (2009, November 6). The Man Who Predicted the Depression. The Wall Street Journal.
Starr, P. (1995, December 4). Nothing Neo. Neoconservatism The Autobiography of an Idea Irving Kristol. The New Republic, 35–38.
Stedman Jones, G. (1983). Languages of Class: Studies in English Working Class History 1832–1982. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stephens, B. (2017, July 6). Sean Hannity Is No William F. Buckley. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/opinion/conservatives-media.html.
Stolper, G. (1967). The German Economy from 1870 to the Present Day. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
Strasnick, S. (1979). ‘Justice Entrepreneurship in A Free Market’: Comment. Journal of Libertarian Studies, 3(4). https://mises.org/library/comment-smith-0.
Strasnick, S. (2017). Miraculous Journeys of a Mundane Man Illustrated True Stories of Other Lives, Other Worlds, and Visionary Travel. Kindle: Mystic Tao Publishing.
Taylor, A. J. P. (1964). The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918: A History of the Austrian Empire and Austria Hungary. New York: Peregrine.
Taylor, P. M. (1999). British Propaganda in the 20th Century. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Todd, S. (2014). The People: The Rise and Fall of the Working Class, 1910–2010. London: John Murray.
Turner, H. A. (1985). German Big Business and the Rise of Hitler. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tweedy, N., & Day, P. (2005, March 1). When Rothermere Urged Hitler to Invade Romania. Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1484647/When-Rothermere-urged-Hitler-to-invade-Romania.html.
Twigge, S., Hampshire, E., & Macklin, G. (2008). British Intelligence: Secrets, Spies and Sources. Richmond, Surrey: National Archives.
Vaughn, K. (1994). Austrian Economic in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wanninski, J. (1978). The Way The World Works. New York: Gateway Contemporary.
Warner, M. (1995). Origins of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, 1949–50. Studies in Intelligence, 38, 5.
Watters, S. (2005, June 28). Von Habsburg on Presidents, Monarchs, Dictators. Women’s Wear Daily. http://www.wwd.com/eye/people/von-habsburg-on-presidents-monarchs-dictators.
Young, G. W. (1953). The Grace of Forgetting. London: Country Life.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Leeson, R. (2018). ‘German Villains and Austrian Victims’. In: Hayek: A Collaborative Biography. Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77428-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77428-2_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77427-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77428-2
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)