Abstract
The history of research in plant anatomy started with and parallels technological inventions and advancements in microscopy. Many of the early discoveries in plant anatomy laid the groundwork for all of biology—from the very concept (and naming) of the cell (Hooke (1665) Micrographia: or some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses. With observations and inquiries thereupon. The Royal Society, London) to Brownian movement (Brown R, Philosophical Mag 4:161–173, 1828), and beyond. The light microscope has been the tool of choice for over 300 years. The transmission electron microscope (available in the early 1950s) and scanning electron microscope (late 1960s) revolutionized biological imaging in the second half of the twentieth century. Innovations in microscopy continue apace, with confocal laser scanning microscopy and computer-based image enhancement leading the way.
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Crang, R., Lyons-Sobaski, S., Wise, R. (2018). Microscopy and Imaging. In: Plant Anatomy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77315-5_2
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