Abstract
Fruits, of which there are many different types, develop from the ovary wall of angiosperms. The mature ovary wall that becomes the fruit is called the pericarp. Fruits are classified based on pericarp characters such as dry vs. fleshy, whether or not they release seed upon maturity, and if the pericarp layers are papery, hard, or fleshy. Aggregate fruits are a collection of fused, individual fruits, and multiple fruits are a collection of fused flowers, each producing an individual fruit. Seeds are surrounded and protected by the seed coat, which is derived from the integuments of the ovule. The process of seed germination that completes the life cycle of so many plants takes different developmental routes depending on whether the cotyledons stay below ground or emerge above ground and whether plant is a eudicot or a monocot.
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Crang, R., Lyons-Sobaski, S., Wise, R. (2018). Fruits, Seeds, and Seedlings. In: Plant Anatomy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77315-5_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77315-5_19
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