Abstract
Specific problems arise during the delayed reconstruction of posttraumatic craniofacial defects and deformations, which have to be treated for both aesthetic and functional reasons (Evans et al. 1985; Manson et al. 1986; Merten and Luhr 1994; Kuttenberger et al. 1996; Sullivan and Manson 1998).
-
An anatomically, functionally, and aesthetically correct reconstruction of the craniofacial structures protects the brain from damage and late injuries and avoids secondary neurological disturbances, infections, and stigmatizing disconfiguration.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baker SB, Weinzweig J, Kirschner RE, Bartlet SP. Applications of a new carbonated calcium phosphate cement: early experience in pediatric and adult craniofacial reconstruction. Plastic Reconstr Surg. 2002;109:1789–96.
Burstein FD, Cohen SR, Hudgins R, Boydston W. The use of porous granular hydroxyapatite in secondary orbitocranial reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;100:869–74.
Burstein FD, Cohen SR, Hudgins R, Boydston W, Simms C. The use of hydroxyapatite cement in secondary craniofacial reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;104:1270–5.
Byrd HS, Hobar PC, Shewmake K. Augmentation of the craniofacial skeleton with porous hydroxyapatite granules. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;91:15–25.
Cabanela ME, Coventry MB, Mcarthy CS, Miller WE. The fate of patients with methylmethacrylate cranioplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54A:278–81.
Costantino PD, Friedman CD. Synthetic bone graft substitutes. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1994;27:1037–74.
Costantino PD, Friedman CD, Jones K, Chow LC, Pelzer II, Sisson GA. Hvdroxlapatite cement: 1. Basic chemistry and histologie properties. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991;117:379.
Costantino PD, Friedman CD, Jones K, Chow LC, Sisson GA. Experimental hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;90:174–85.
Costantino PD, Friedman CD, Lane A. Synthetic biomaterials in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Facial Plast Surg. 1993;9(1):1–15.
Costantz B, Ison I, Fulmer F, Poser R, Smith S, Van Wagoner M, Ross J, Goldstein R, Jupiter J, Rosenthal D. Skeletal repair by in situ formation of the mineral phase of bone. J Sci. 1995;267:1796.
Dean D, Topham NS, Rimna C. Osseointegration of preformed polymethylmethacrylate craniofacial prostheses coated with bone marrow-impregnated poly (DL-lactic-coglycolic acid) foam. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;104:705–12.
Dempf R, Schierle HP, Schliephake H, Gockeln R, Thiele J. Autogene Knochentransplantate zur Versorgung Traumatischer frontoorbitaler Defekte. Funktionelle und ästhetische Ergebnisse in 42 Fällen. In: Schmelzle R, editor. Schädelbasischirurgie. Damaskus: Al-Budoor; 1998. p. 192–5.
Dufresne CR, Carson BS, Zinreich SJ. Complex craniofacial problems. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Esser E, May HJ. Primary and secondary reconstruction of the frontal sinus using the titanium screen system. Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1990;14(3):190–5.
Eufinger H, Wehmoller M, Harders A, Heuser LN. Prefabricated prostheses for the reconstruction of skull defects. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995;24(1/2):104–10.
Eufinger H, Wittkampf AR, Wehmoller M, Zonneveld FW. Single-step fronto-orbital resection and reconstruction with individual resection template and corresponding titanium implant: a new method of computer-aided surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1998;26(6):373–8.
Eufinger II, Wehmöller M, Harders A, Machtens E. Reconstruction of an extreme frontal and frontobasal defect by microvascular tissuc transfer and a prefabricated titanium implant. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;104:198–203.
Evans AJ, Burwell RG, Merville L, Pfeifer G, Gundlach K, Sailer HF, et al. Residual deformities. In: Rowe NL, Williams JL, editors. Maxillofacial injuries, Vol. II. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1985. p. 765–868.
Frankenburg E, Goldstein S, Bauer T, Harris S, Poser R. Biomechanical and histological evaluation of a calcium phosphate cement. J Bone Joint Surg. 1998;80A(8):1112.
Frohberg W, Deatherage JR. Bedeutung von Calvaria-Transplantaten für die rekonstruktive Traumatologie des Mittelgesichts. Fortschr Kiefer-Gesichtschir. 1991;36:80–3.
Hardt N, Gottsauner A, Sgier F. Results of various reconstructive procedures in defects of the frontofacial area. Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1994;39:47–50.
Heissler E, Fischer FS, Boloun S, et al. Custom-made cast titanium implants produced with CAD/CAM for the reconstruction of cranium defects. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998;27:334–8.
Henry HM, Guerrero C, Moody RA. Cerebrospinal fluid fistula from fractured acrylic cranioplasty plate. J Neurosurg. 1976;45:227–8.
Holmes RE. Alloplastic implants. In: Carthy M, editor. Plastic surgery, Vol. 1. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1990. p. 698–731.
Jupiter JR, Winters S, Sigman S, Lowe C, Pappas C, Ladd AL. Repair of five distal radius fractures with an investigational cancellous bone cement. J Orthop Trauma. 1997;11:110–6.
Kirschner RE, Karrnacharya J, Ong G, Gordon AD, Hunenko O, Losee JE, et al. Repair of the immature craniofacial skeleton with a calcium phosphate cement quantitative assessment of craniofacial growth. Ann Plastic Surg. 2002;49(1):33–8.
Kübler NR, Reinhardt E, Pistner H, Bill JS, Reuther JF. Klinischer Einsatz osteoinduktiver Implantate in der kraniofazialen Chirurgie. Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir. 1998;2(1):32–6.
Kuttenberger J, Hardt N. Long-term results following reconstruction of cranio facial defects with titanium micromesh systems. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2001;29:75–81.
Kuttenberger J, Hardt N, Kessler P. Results after reconstruction of craniofacial defects with microtitanium augmentation mesh and dynamic mesh. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1996;24(1):66.
Lee C, Antonyshyn OM, Forrest CR. Cranioplasty: Indikations, technique and early results of autogenous split skull cranial vault reconstruction. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1995;23:133–42.
Leipziger LS, Dufresne CR. Alloplastic materials. In: Dufresne CR, Carson BS, Zinreich SJ, editors. Complex craniofacial problems. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1992. p. 559.
Losee J, Karrnacharya J, Gannan EH, Slepm AE, Ong G, Hunenko O, Gordon E, Bartlett SP, Kirschner RE. Reconstruction of the immature craniofacial skeleton with a carbonated CaIcium Phosphate Bone Cement, interaction with bioresorbable mesh. J Craniofacial Surg. 2003;14(1):117–24.
Mahr M, Bartley G, Bite U, Clay R, Kasperbauer J, Holkes J. Norian® craniofacial repair system: bone cement for the repair or craniofacial skeletal defects. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;16(5):393–8.
Manson PN, Crawley WA, Hoopes JE. Frontal cranioplasty: risk factors and choice of cranial vault reconstructive material. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986;77:888–98.
Mathog RH. Atlas of craniofacial trauma. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1992.
Merten HA, Luhr HG. Resorbierbare Kunststoffe (PDS-Folien) zur Uberbrückung ausgedehnter Orbitawanddefekte im tierexperimentellen Vergleich. Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1994;39:186–90.
Nakajima T, Yoshimura Y, Nakanishi Y, Kanno T, Sano H, Kamei Y. Anterior cranial base reconstruction using hydroxylapatite-tricalciumphosphate composite (Ceratite®) as a bone substitute. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1995;23:64–7.
Naßberg W. CAD by processing of computed tomography data and CAM of individually designed prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995;24:90–7.
Pistner H, Reuther J, Reinhardt E, Kübler N, Priesnitz B. Neuer Hydroxylapatitzement für die kraniofaziale Chirurgie. Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir. 1998;2(1):37–40.
Prein J. Manual of internal fixation in the craniofacial skeleton. Berlin: Springer; 1998.
Probst C. Frontobasale Verletzungen. Bern: Huber; 1971.
Probst C. Plastic repair of defects in the vault and frontobasal region of the skull with fresh, autologous costal cartilage. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg). 1973;16(4):105–12.
Probst C. Neurosurgical aspects of frontobasal injuries with cerebrospinal fluid fistulas: experience with 205 operated patients. Akt Traumatol. 1986;16(2):43–9.
Sailer HF, editor. Transplantation of lyophilized cartilage in maxillofacial surgery. Experimental foundation and clinical success. Basel: Karger; 1983.
Sailer HF, Kolb E. Application of purifled bone morphogenetic/protein (BMP) preparations in cranio-maxillo-facial surgery. Reconstruction in craniofacial malformations and post traumatic or operative defects of the skull with lyophilized cartilage and BMP. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1994;22:191–9.
Salyer KE. Techniques in aesthetic craniofacial surgery. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1989.
Salyer KE. Kraniofaziale Chirurgie. Stuttgart: Thieme; 1992. p. 246–50.
Smart JM, Karmacharya J, Gannon H, Ong G, Jackson O, Bartlett SP, Poser RD, Kirschner RE. Repair of the immature and mature craniofacial skeleton with a carbonat calcium phosphate cement. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115(6):1642–50.
Sullivan P, Manson PM. Cranial vault. In: Prein J, editor. Manual of internal fixation in the craniofacial skeleton. Berlin: Springer; 1998.
Tsukagoshi T, Satoh K, Hosaka Y. Cranioplasty with neovascularized autogenous calvarial bone. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;101:2114–8.
Wehrmüller M, Eufinger H, Kruse D, Maßberg W. CAD by processing of computed tomography data and CAM of individually designed prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995;24:90–7.
White RJ, Yashon D, Albin MS, Wilson D. Delayed acrylic reconstruction of the skull in craniocerebral trauma. J Trauma. 1970;10:780–6.
Wiltfang J, Kessler P, Buchfelder M, Merten HA, Neukam FW, Rupprecht S. Reconstruction of skull bone defects using hydroxylapatit cement with calvarial split transplants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;62:29–35.
Wolff KD, Swaid S, Nolte D, Bockmann RA, Holzle F, Muller-Mai C. Degradable injectable bone cement in maxillofacial surgery: Indications and clinical experience in 27 patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2004;32(2):71–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hardt, N. (2019). Delayed Reconstruction of Frontofacial Defects and Deformation. In: Hardt, N., Kessler, P., Kuttenberger, J. (eds) Craniofacial Trauma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77210-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77210-3_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77209-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77210-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)