Abstract
This essay deals with the representation of cities focusing on their historical transformations and relying on digital scanning, 3D modeling and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies. The instances shown in it come from a project titled Visualizing Venice, an international multi-institutional cooperation now shifting to Visualizing Cities. The main challenge of Visualizing Cities is to digitally describe how cities – with their architectures – evolve and change over time using an interoperable 4D digital model linked to external sources, such as historic images. Experiencing the workflow of such a digital model a current lack of interoperability between CAD and GIS systems has emerged. This problem is particularly evident in the transition from digital scanning to a Building Information Model (BIM). This gap must be filled because a representational database, such as a 3D BIM model, helps researchers in representing architectural and urban history in all its phases. It makes the users able to control any kind of information: from recording the current state of an urban environment to the interpretation of historical records; from 3D reconstruction of data to their dissemination at different levels of complexity. This paper shows new methodologies in this field and, relating to historical data, attempts to answer also an important question: what kind of information can we get from paintings that show a city view? Representation methods based on perspective rules offer the opportunity to obtain scientific data on how to implement the BIM model correctly.
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- 1.
Andrea Giordano is the author of this section.
- 2.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. A BIM is a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition.
- 3.
The BIM model presents typical features of any CAD representation, thus this paper overlooks them.
- 4.
The standard links information/change requests to model’s components. Consequently, the information exchange occurs without the models transfer, but using common GUID of the IFC file.
- 5.
The fact that the model represents a new document is a common, established concept within the presented project: the model enables new knowledge in researchers, not only for the general-purpose users. A specific research project is trying to understand the best way to define the accuracy degree of models’ parts.
- 6.
Paolo Borin is the author of this section.
- 7.
The team will be able to develop a specific software which, starting from BIM model information it will be able to create the geometry useful also for Rapid Prototyping.
- 8.
Isabella Friso is the author of this section.
- 9.
This application becomes important to find the discontinuity surfaces between original elements (or parts of them) and the in-place reconstructed elements. The correct position of the elements is useful to complete seismic analysis and check construction works’ accuracy.
- 10.
In order to find necessary parameters automatically, this last procedure allows to use commercial products such as Agisoft Photoscan and Bentley Context Capture.
- 11.
Paolo Borin is the author of this section.
- 12.
The restitution of perspective was performed in CAD software, Autodesk AutoCAD®.
- 13.
Made through a VPL (Visual Programming Language), Autodesk Dynamo®.
- 14.
Reference model in virtual modeling environment, Autodesk Revit®.
- 15.
This surface is a cone based on a mixed-line, that is the line that approximates the slot to be rebuilt.
- 16.
The real fracture was detected by the points cloud obtained from photogrammetry survey.
- 17.
Federico Panarotto is the author of this section.
- 18.
Cosimo Monteleone is the author of this section.
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Giordano, A., Friso, I., Borin, P., Monteleone, C., Panarotto, F. (2018). Time and Space in the History of Cities. In: Münster, S., Friedrichs, K., Niebling, F., Seidel-Grzesińska, A. (eds) Digital Research and Education in Architectural Heritage. UHDL DECH 2017 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 817. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76992-9_4
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