Abstract
Just as the cytomorphological picture is composed of several microscopic components, the cytodiagnostic conclusion should be supported by several other components, such as the clinical setting and the ancillary techniques applied, particularly flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular genetic analyses for lymphomas, and immunohistochemistry for metastatic disease. In the strictest sense, cytomorphology should merely be regarded the first simple step of these methods. It should be emphasized that for most lymphomas, a lymph node biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis, with the possible exception of recurrent disease. Thus, the cytodiagnostic conclusion, with respect to the clinical context, and with application of the relevant ancillary techniques, should guide the decision whether to proceed to histopathological examination of the lymph node. The updated chapter adheres to the most recent WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms from 2016 and describes in detail the cytomorphological features of most of the entities encountered in everyday practice, including metastatic disease, with an extensive set of illustrations.
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Ehinger, M., Åkerman, M. (2019). Lymph Nodes. In: Domanski, H. (eds) Atlas of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76980-6_9
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