Abstract
Platelet lysates (PLs) are a natural source of growth factors (GFs) known for its stimulatory role on stem cells which can be obtained after activation of platelets from blood plasma. The possibility to use PLs as growth factor source for tissue healing and regeneration has been pursued following different strategies. Platelet lysates are an enriched pool of growth factors which can be used as either a GFs source or as a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel. However, most of current PLs-based hydrogels lack stability, exhibiting significant shrinking behavior. This chapter focuses on the application of supercritical fluid technology to develop three-dimensional architectures of PL constructs, crosslinked with genipin. The proposed technology allows in a single step operation the development of mechanically stable porous structures, through chemical crosslinking of the growth factors present in the PL pool, followed by supercritical drying of the samples. Furthermore gradient structures of PL-based structures with bioactive glass are also presented and are described as an interesting approach to the treatment of osteochondral defects.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Yang PJ, Temenoff JS (2009) Engineering orthopedic tissue interfaces. Tissue Eng. Part B Rev. 15:127–141
Ahmed TAE, Hincke MT (2010) Strategies for articular cartilage lesion repair and functional restoration. Tissue Eng. Part B. Rev. 16:305–329
Lefebvre V, Smits P (2005) Transcriptional control of chondrocyte fate and differentiation. Birth Defects Res Part C Embryo Today Rev 75:200–212
Malafaya PB, Silva GA, Reis RL (2007) Natural-origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:207–233
O’Shea TM, Miao X (2008) Bilayered scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. Part B. Rev. 14:447–464
Chen J et al (2011) Simultaneous regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in vivo using MSCs induced by a spatially controlled gene delivery system in bilayered integrated scaffolds. Biomaterials 32:4793–4805
Mano JF, Reis RL (2007) Osteochondral defects: present situation and tissue engineering approaches. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 1:261–273
Chen FM, Zhang M, Wu ZF (2010) Toward delivery of multiple growth factors in tissue engineering. Biomaterials 31:6279–6308
Kon E, Mutini A, Arcangeli E, Delcogliano M, Filardo G, Nicoli Aldini N, Pressato D, Quarto R, Zaffagnini S, Marcacci M (2008) Novel nanostructured scaffold for osteochondral regeneration: pilot study in horses. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2:408–417
Lu HH, Subramony SD, Boushell MK, Zhang X (2010) Tissue engineering strategies for the regeneration of orthopedic interfaces. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 38:2142–2154
Anitua E et al (2006) New insights into and novel applications for platelet-rich fibrin therapies. Trends Biotechnol 24:227–234
Haberhauer M et al (2008) Cartilage tissue engineering in plasma and whole blood scaffolds. Adv. Mater. 20:2061–2067
Santo VE et al (2012) Enhancement of osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells by the controlled release of platelet lysates from hybrid scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid foaming. J. Control. Release 162:19–27
Duarte a RC, Mano JF, Reis RL (2009) Perspectives on: supercritical fluid technology for 3D tissue engineering scaffold applications. J. Bioact. Compat. Polym. 24:385–400
Duarte ARC et al (2013) Unleashing the potential of supercritical fluids for polymer processing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J. Supercrit. Fluids 79:177–185
Santo VE, Duarte ARC, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL (2010) Hybrid 3D structure of poly(d,l-lactic acid) loaded with chitosan/chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles to be used as carriers for biomacromolecules in tissue engineering. J Supercrit Fluids 54:320–327
van de Witte P, Dijkstra PJJ, van den Berg JWA, Feijen J (1996) Phase separation processes in polymer solutions in relation to membrane formation. J. Memb. Sci. 117:1–31
Eckert CA, Knutson BL, Debenedetti PG (1996) Supercritical fluids as solvents for chemical and materials processing. Nature 383:313–318
Temtem M et al (2009) Supercritical CO2 generating chitosan devices with controlled morphology. Potential application for drug delivery and mesenchymal stem cell culture. J. Supercrit. Fluids 48:269–277
Keeney M, Pandit A (2009) The osteochondral junction and its repair via bi-phasic tissue engineering scaffolds. Tissue Eng. Part B. Rev. 15:55–73
Gadjanski I, Vunjak-Novakovic G (2015) Challenges in engineering osteochondral tissue grafts with hierarchical structures. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 2598:1–17
Nukavarapu SP, Dorcemus DL (2012) Osteochondral tissue engineering: current strategies and challenges. Biotechnol Adv. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.11.004
Canadas RF, Marques AP, Reis RL, Oliveira JM (2017) In: Oliveira JM, Reis RL (eds) Regenerative strategies for the treatment of knee joint disabilities. Springer International, Berlin, pp 213–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44785-8_11
Yan LP et al (2015) Bilayered silk/silk-nanoCaP scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo assessment of biological performance. Acta Biomater. 12:227–241
Yan LP, Oliveira JM, Oliveira AL, Reis RL (2013) Silk fibroin/nano-CaP bilayered scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. Key Eng. Mater. 587:245–248
Zaky SH, Ottonello A, Strada P, Cancedda R, Mastrogiacomo M (2008) Platelet lysate favours in vitro expansion of human bone marrow stromal cells for bone and cartilage engineering. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2:472–481
Santo VE et al (2016) Engineering enriched microenvironments with gradients of platelet lysate in hydrogel fibers. Biomacromolecules 17:1985–1997
Babo PS et al (2016) Assessment of bone healing ability of calcium phosphate cements loaded with platelet lysate in rat calvarial defects. J. Biomater. Appl. 31:637–649
Yan L, Oliveira JM, Oliveira AL, Reis RL (2015) Current concepts and challenges in osteochondral tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 1(4):150220124046001. https://doi.org/10.1021/ab500038y
Ribeiro V, Pina S, Oliveira JM, Reis RL (2017) In: Oliveira JM, Reis RL (eds) Regenerative strategies for the treatment of knee joint disabilities. Springer International, Berlin, pp 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44785-8_7
Cengiz IF, Oliveira JM, Reis RL (2014) In: Magnenat-Thalmann N, Ratib O, Choi HF (eds) 3D multiscale physiological human. Springer, London, pp 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6275-9_2
Wang C, Lau TT, Loh WL, Su K, Wang D (2011) Cytocompatibility study of a natural biomaterial crosslinker—Genipin with therapeutic model cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 97:58–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.31786
Muzzarelli RAA (2009) Genipin-crosslinked chitosan hydrogels as biomedical and pharmaceutical aids. Carbohydr. Polym. 77:1–9
Butler MF, Ng Y, Pudney PDA (2003) Mechanism and kinetics of the crosslinking reaction between biopolymers containing primary amine groups and Genipin. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 41:3941–3953
Mu C, Zhang K, Lin W, Li D (2012) Ring-opening polymerization of genipin and its long-range crosslinking effect on collagen hydrogel. J Biomed Mater Res A 101:385–393. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34338
Chuang M, Johannsen M (2009) Characterization of pH in aqueous CO2—systems. Polym Degrad Stab 97(6):839–848
Babo P et al (2014) Platelet lysate membranes as new autologous templates for tissue engineering applications. Inflamm. Regen. 34:033–044
Santo VE, Popa EG, Mano JF, Gomes ME, Reis RL (2015) Natural assembly of platelet lysate-loaded nanocarriers into enriched 3D hydrogels for cartilage regeneration. Acta Biomater. 19:56–65
Duarte ARC, Caridade SG, Mano JF, Reis RL (2009) Processing of novel bioactive polymeric matrixes for tissue engineering using supercritical fluid technology. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 29:2110–2115
Rezwan K, Chen QZ, Blaker JJ, Boccaccini AR (2006) Biodegradable and bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 27:3413–3431
Rey C, Combes C (2016) Biomineralization and biomaterials. pp 95–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-338-6.00004-1
Acknowledgements
The research leading to these results has received funding from the project “Accelerating tissue engineering and personalized medicine discoveries by the integration of key enabling nanotechnologies, marine-derived biomaterials and stem cells,” supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Duarte, A.R.C., Santo, V.E., Gomes, M.E., Reis, R.L. (2018). Supercritical Fluid Technology as a Tool to Prepare Gradient Multifunctional Architectures Towards Regeneration of Osteochondral Injuries. In: Oliveira, J., Pina, S., Reis, R., San Roman, J. (eds) Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1058. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76710-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76711-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)