Skip to main content

Whose Harm Counts? Exploring the Intersections of War and Gendered Violence(s)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Zemiology

Part of the book series: Critical Criminological Perspectives ((CCRP))

Abstract

Hagan (The Criminologist: The Official Newsletter of the American Society of Criminology 40:2–4, 2015) makes the case that criminology has been ‘silent’ on the 2003 war in Iraq as a ‘war of aggression’. Whether or not criminology has been silent on war, it has certainly been quiet about its gendered consequences. In the face of mass migration to Europe, plenty consideration has been given to policing the borders, the problems of trafficking and so on. Less consideration has been paid to the consequences of migration on those fleeing and those countries being fled to. Arguably, the tensions generated by these intersecting questions came to a head in Cologne on New Year’s Eve 2015 (amongst other locations). Against this backcloth, this chapter will explore the questions of, whose harm counts, under what conditions and how a gendered lens might cast some light on how criminology or indeed zemiology, or anyone else, can make sense of the presently precarious social conditions across Europe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aas, Katja F., and Helene O.I. Gundhus. 2015. Policing Humanitarian Borderlands: Frontex, Human Rights and the Precariousness of Life. British Journal of Criminology 55: 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonger, Willem A. 1916. Criminality and Economic Conditions. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourbeau, Philippe (ed.). 2015. Security: Dialogue across Disciplines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourke, Joanna. 2015. Deep Violence. Berkeley: Counterpoint Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady, Kate. 2016. Germany Floats Bonus for Rejected Asylum Seekers to Go Home. Deutsche Welle, Oct 5. http://www.dw.com/en/forensic-psychologist-report-sheds-new-light-on-cologne-new-years-eve-assaults/a-35962769.

  • Braithwaite, John. 1989. Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Carrabine, Eamonn, Paul Iganski, Maggy Lee, Ken Plummer, and Nigel South. 2004. Criminology: A Sociological Introduction. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrington, Kerry. 2015. Feminism and Global Justice. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn, Cynthia. 2013. Towards a Different Common Sense. www.cynthiacockburn.org.

  • Connell, Raewyn. 2016. 100 Million Kalashnikovs: Gendered Power on a World Scale. Debate Feminista 51: 3–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, Adam, and Steven Hutchinson. 2016. Mapping the Contours of ‘Everyday Security’: Time, Space, and Emotion. British Journal of Criminology 56: 1184–1202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das, Veena. 2007. Life and Words. California: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, Sara E., and Jacqui True. 2015. Reframing Conflict-Related Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: Bringing Gender Analysis Back In. Security Dialogue 46: 495–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Featherstone, Lisa, and Amanda Kaladelfos. 2014. Hierarchies of Harm and Violence: Historicising Familial Sexual Violence in Australia. Australian Feminist Studies 29: 306–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Genn, Hazel. 1988. Multiple Victimisation. In Victims of Crime: A New Deal? ed. Mike Maguire and John Pointing, 90–100. Buckingham: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guia, Maria J., and May-Len Skilbrei. 2016. How the Current ‘Migration Crisis’ Challenges European Criminologists. ESC Newsletter 1: 4–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagan, John. 2015. While Criminology Slept: A Criminal War of Aggression in Iraq. The Criminologist: The Official Newsletter of the American Society of Criminology 40: 2–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagan, John, and Wenona Rymond-Richmond. 2009. Darfur and the Crime of Genocide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagan, John, Joshua Kaiser, Daniel Rothenberg, Anna Hanson, and Patricia Parker. 2012. Atrocity Victimisation and the Costs of Economic Conflict Crimes in the Battle for Baghdad and Iraq. European Journal of Criminology 9: 481–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, Valerie. 2016. Europe’s Man Problem. Politico, January 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutton, Will. 2016. After Cologne, the Uneasy Question: Is Cultural Coexistence Still Possible? The Guardian, January 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, Ruth. 1998. Towards a Criminology of War in Europe. In The New European Criminology: Crime and Social Order in Europe, ed. Vincenzo Ruggiero, Nigel South, and Ian Taylor, 480–506. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ––––––. 1999. Councils of War. Criminal Justice Matters 34: 25–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • ––––––. 2003. Introduction. Theoretical Criminology, Special Issue: War, Crime and Human Rights 7: 259–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • –––––– (ed.). 2014. The Criminology of War. London: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, Jan. 2011. Silencing Rape, Silencing Women. In Handbook on Sexual Violence, ed. Jennifer M. Brown and Sandra L. Walklate, 253–286. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, Liz. 1988. Surviving Sexual Violence. Oxford: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, Naomi. 2016. Let Them Drown. London Review of Books 38: 11–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Machado, Carla, Ana R. Dias, and Claudia Coelho. 2010. Culture and Wife Abuse. In International Handbook of Victimology, ed. Shlomo G. Shoham, Paul Knepper, and Martin Kett, 639–668. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mannheim, Hermann. 1941. War and Crime. London: Watts & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGarry, Ross, and Sandra Walklate. 2015. Victims: Trauma, Testimony and Justice. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • –––––– (eds.). 2016. The Palgrave Handbook of Criminology and War. London: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, Jayne. 2007. Shadow Values, Shadow Figures: Real Violence. Critical Criminology 15: 159–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, Robin. 1989. The Demon Lover: On the Sexuality of Terrorism. New York: Norton Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, Wayne. 2006. Criminology, Civilization and the New World Order. Oxon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ––––––. 2014. War and Normative Visibility: Interactions in the Nomos. In Invisible Crimes and Social Harms, ed. Pamela Davies, Peter Francis, and Tanya Wyatt, 178–198. London: Palgrave-Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullins, Christopher W. 2009. ‘He Would Kill Me with His Penis’: Genocidal Rape in Rwanda as a State Crime. Critical Criminology 17: 15–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ––––––. 2011. War Crimes in the 2008 Georgia–Russia Conflict. The British Journal of Criminology 51: 918–936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullins, Christopher W., and Nishanth Visagaratnam. 2015. Sexual and Sexualised Violence in Armed Conflict. In Criminology and War: Transgressing the Borders, ed. Sandra Walklate and Ross McGarry, 139–157. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pain, Rachel. 2014. Everyday Terrorism: Connecting Domestic Violence and Global Terrorism. Progress in Human Geography 38: 531–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, Robert E. 1941. The Social Function of War Observations and Notes. American Journal of Sociology 46: 551–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, Sharon, and Julie Ham. 2014. Hot Pants at the Border: Sorting Sex Work from Trafficking. British Journal of Criminology 54: 2–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Power-Cobbe, Frances. 1878. Wife Torture in England. The Contemporary Review 32: 55–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinney, Richard. 1972. Who is the Victim? Criminology 10: 314–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruggiero, Vincenzo. 2015. War and the Death of Achilles. In Criminology and War: Transgressing the Borders, ed. Sandra Walklate and Ross McGarry, 21–37. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, Lawrence W. 2003. Reason for Emotion: Reinventing Justice with Theories, Innovations, and Research. Criminology 41: 1–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinert, Heinz. 2003. The Indispensable Metaphor of War: On Populist Politics and the Contradictions of the State’s Monopoly of Force. Theoretical Criminology, Special Issue: War, Crime and Human Rights 7: 265–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, Edwin H. 1949. White Collar Crime. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • True, Jacqui. 2012. The Political Economy of Violence Against Women. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Walby, Sylvia, Jude Towers, and Brian Francis. 2016. Is Violent Crime Increasing or Decreasing? British Journal of Criminology 56: 1203–1234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walklate, Sandra, and Ross McGarry (eds.). 2015. Criminology and War: Transgressing the Borders. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whyte, Dave. 2007. The Crimes of Neo-Liberal Rule in Occupied Iraq. British Journal of Criminology 47: 177–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, Jock. 2011. The Criminological Imagination. London: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Žižek, Slavoj. 2016. The Cologne Attacks Were an Obscene Version of Carnival. The New Statesman, January 13.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sandra Walklate .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Walklate, S. (2018). Whose Harm Counts? Exploring the Intersections of War and Gendered Violence(s). In: Boukli, A., Kotzé, J. (eds) Zemiology. Critical Criminological Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76312-5_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76312-5_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76311-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76312-5

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics