Abstract
During the past two decades a considerable academic and professional literature has been devoted to analysing, modelling, and planning development of airports . Some main efforts have been focused on the analysis and forecasting of the airport passenger demand due to many reasons. For example, in the narrower sense, estimation of the current and prospective passenger demand has needed to be reliable and consistent as much as possible in order to be used as the basis for planning and design of the airport passenger complex and landside access modes and their systems. Such requirements will certainly stay in place in the future but under conditions of the increasingly stronger environmental and social constraints in combination with an inherent operational and financial vulnerability of the incumbent airlines and their alliance partners operating at particular (also large) airports . In addition to the reginal, national, and international economic driving forces, the inherent financial vulnerability of the incumbent airlines has been considered as one of the main causes of the short-, medium-, and long-term volatility of airport passenger demand . Usually, such volatility of demand in the short-term is handled operationally by adapting, i.e. more efficient and effective use of the available airport capacity including that of the airport landside access modes and their systems. The medium- and long-term volatility of passenger demand has been much more difficult to handle very often resulting in compromising the efficiency and efficiency of the actors/stakeholders involved—affected airlines and airport (s). (De Neufville 1995). Consequently, the analysis and forecasting of such volatile airport passenger demand should always take into account close relationships between the actors/stakeholders involved, i.e. airport (s) and airlines , in combination with the main external and internal demand -driving forces, different global and national institutional regulations, and the increasingly stricter local environmental (emissions of GHG (greenhouse gases ) and land use) and social (noise , congestion , and safety ) constraints.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
For example, the number of HS (High Speed ) Shinkansen “Nozomi” services (Japan ) during the peak hours has been scheduled to be 10 dep/h.
- 2.
At the regional /intercity conventional and HSR rail system , this time is used for disembarking the incoming passengers and their baggage, cleaning interior of the trains , replenishing water, restock, king victuals, changing the crew, and embarking the outgoing passengers and their baggage. For example, this time is typically about 20 min at most HSR systems. In Japanese HSR system (Shinkansen), it is about 12 min.
- 3.
The Tokaido Shinkansen line /route of the length of 552.6 km connects Tokyo and Shin Osaka station is free of the level crossings. The trains operate at the maximum speed of 270 km/h covering the line /route in 2 h and 25 min. The route/line capacity is: μl = 13 trains /h/direction. The number of passengers carried is about 386 thousand/day and 141 million/year (2011) (JR Central 2012).
- 4.
The “bottleneck ” segment is the one exclusively occupied by a single train for the longest time .
References
ATOC. (2009). Energy consumption and CO2 impacts of high speed rail. London, UK: Association of Train Operating Companies Ltd.
Button, J. K. (1993). Transport economics. Aldershot, England, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Connor, P. (2011). Rules for high speed line capacity or how to get realistic capacity figure for a high speed rail line. In Info paper No. 3, rail technical webpages. Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK: PRC Rail Consulting Ltd.
Daganzo, F. C. (1997). Fundamentals of transportation and traffic operations. Oxford, UK: Pergamon-Elsevier.
De Neufville, R. (1995). Designing Airport passnger buildings for the 21st century. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport, 111, 2, 97–104.
DfT. (2013). UK aviation forecasts. Department for Transport, London, UK. www.gov.uk/dft.
FAA. (1988). Planning and design guidelines for airport terminal facilities. Advisory Circular AC No. 150/5360-13, Federal Aviation Administration, US Department of transportation, Washington DC, USA.
FAA. (2007). FAA regional air service demand study. Federal Aviation Adminsitration, Washington D.C., USA.
Gautier, P.-E., & Letourneaux, F. P. (2010). High speed trains external noise: A review of measurements and source models for the TGV case up to 360 km/h. http://pdf-ebooks.org/ebooks/high-speed-trains-pdf.html.
Greenshields, B. D. (1935). A study of traffic capacity. In Highway Research Board Proceeding (Vol. 14, pp. 448–477).
Horonjeff, R., & McKelvey, X. F. (1994). Planning and design of airports (3rd ed.). New York, USA: McGraw Book Hill Company.
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/traffic_noise_model/.
Hyodo, T., Watanabe, D., & Wu, M. (2013). Estimation of energy consumption equation for electric vehicle and its implementation. In 13th WCTR (World Conference on Transport Research), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (p. 13), July 15–18, 2013.
ICAO. (2006). Manual on air traffic forecasting. Doc 8991 AT/722/3, International Civil Aviation organization, Montreal, Canada.
InterVISTAS. (2015). Economic impact of European airports, critical catalyst to economic growth. Bath, UK: InterVISTAS Consulting Ltd.
IPCC. (2017). Emission factors for greenhouse gas inventories. Geneva, Switzerland: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Janić, M. (1984). Single track line capacity model. Transportation Planning and Technology, 9, 135–151.
Janić, M. (1988). A practical capacity model of a single track line. Transportation Planning and Technology, 12, 301–318.
Janić, M. (2008). Analysis and forecasting passenger demand at the large hub airport. In F. N. Gustavsson (Ed.), New transportation research progress (pp. 93–120). Hauppage, New York, USA: Nova Science Publisher Inc.
Janić, M. (2009). The airport analysis, planning, and design: Demand, capacity, and congestion. New York, USA: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Janić, M., & Vleugel, J. (2012). Estimating potential reductions in externalities from rail-road substitution in Trans-European Freight Transport Corridors. Transportation Research D, 17, 154–160.
Janić, M. (2014). Advanced transport systems: Analysis, modelling, and evaluation of performances. London: Springer.
Jong, J. C., & Chang, F. E. (2005). Models for estimating energy consumption of electric trains. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 6, 278–291.
JR. (2012). Data book 2011. Nagoya, Japan: Central Japan Railway Company.
Larson, C. R., & Odoni, R. A. (2007). Urban operations research. Belmont, Massachusetts, USA: Dynamic Ideas.
Little, J. D. C. (1961). A proof of the queuing formula L = λW. Operations Research, 9, 383–387.
Manheim, L. M. (1979). Fundamentals of transport system analysis: Volume 1: Basic concepts. Cambridge, UK: The MIT Press.
Mathew, V. T. (2017). Fundamental relations of traffic flow. Lecture Notes in Transportation Systems Engineering. Bombay, India: Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay.
Musk, E. (2013). Hyperloop alpha, Texas: SpaceX. http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/hyperloop_alpha-20130812.pdf.
NDTnet. (2000). ICE train accident in Eschede—Recent news summary. The e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing & Ultrasonics, 5(2). http://www.ndt.net/news/2000/eschedec.htm/.
PANYNJ. (2009). Lincoln tunnel hot line feasibility study. Final Report, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, New Youk, USA.
Parkinson, T., & Fisher, I. (1996). Rail transit capacity report 13. Washington DC, USA: Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, National Academy Press.
Qiao, H. (2012). Wenzhou crash report blames design flaws and poor management. IRJ—International Journal of Railways. Falmouth, Cornwall, UK. http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/high-speed/wenzhou-crash-report-blames-design-flaws-and-poor-management.html/.
Rochard, P. B., & Schmidt, F. (2000). A Review of methods to measure and calculate train resistances. In: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering Part F (Vol. 214, pp. 185–143).
Siemens. (2014). Valero CN high speed trains for China Railways. Mobility Division, Siemens AG, Berlin, Germany.
Teodorović, D., & Janić, M. (2016). Transportation engineering: theory, practice and modelling. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.
TLC. (2016). 2016 TLC factbook. New York, USA: New York City Taxi & Limousine Commission.
TRB. (2000). Highway capacity manual. Washington, D.C., USA: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council.
TRB. (2002). Aviation demand forecasting: A survey of methodologies. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH E-CIRCULAR, Number E-C040. Washington D.C., USA: Transportation Research Board.
UIC. (2010a). High speed, energy consumption and emissions. Paris, France: UIC Publications, International Union of Railways.
UIC. (2010b). High speed rail: Fast track to sustainable mobility. Paris, France: International Union of Railways.
van den Broek, L., & Nabielek, K. (2005). The atlas of airports. Project Regional Airports in NEW, North Western Europe NEW, Ruimtelijk Planbureau, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
Vuchic, R. V. (2005). Urban transit: Operations, planning, and economics. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: Willey.
Vuchic, R. V. (2007). Urban transit systems and technology. New York, USA: Wiley.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Janić, M. (2019). Modelling Performances of the Airport Access Modes and Their Systems. In: Landside Accessibility of Airports. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76150-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76150-3_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76149-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76150-3
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)