Abstract
‘The Peasant Question’ opens up the discussion of the deep causes of the uprising analyzing from a cross-border perspective the status of the main actors of the 1907 uprising, the peasants, and their economic predicament in contrast to their peers across the triple frontier in Austria-Hungary and Tsarist Bessarabia. The transnational comparison between land tenure and the position of the peasantry in Romania and in the neighbouring provinces aims to identify those factors pertaining to legal framework and social practice that set Romania apart from its neighbours and led to different outcomes.
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Urusov, Memoirs of a Russian Governor, p. 156.
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Urusov, Memoirs of a Russian Governor, p. 118.
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Urusov, Memoirs of a Russian Governor, p. 84.
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Urusov , Memoirs of a Russian Governor, p. 83.
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Urusov, Memoirs of a Russian Governor, p. 54.
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Recueil de Matériaux sur la situation économique des israélites de Russie, vol. 1, p. 225.
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The Székely people were a colonized population speaking an old dialect of Hungarian, who were encouraged to settle within the Carpathian arc by medieval Hungarian kings and functioned as border guards.
- 202.
German-speaking population who settled in Transylvania as colonists in the medieval period.
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Held, ibid., p. 101.
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Hunyadi, Cooperative Networks, pp. 23–24.
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Hunyadi, Cooperative Networks, p. 26.
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Hunyadi, Cooperative Networks, p. 34.
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Hunyadi, Cooperative Networks, pp. 50–51.
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Andrei Oțetea; Ion Popescu-Puțuri (eds), Documente privind marea răscoală a țăranilor din 1907 (henceforth quoted as Documente), București, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1977-, Vol. 2, pp. 240–241.
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Andrew Janos, ‘Modernization and Decay in Historical Perspective: The Case of Romania’ in Kenneth Jowitt (Ed.), Social Change in Romania 1860–1940, Berkeley, California, 1978, p. 83.
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Urusov, Memoirs of a Russian Governor, p. 71.
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Arbore, Basarabia, pp. 422–423.
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Louis Guy Michael, More Corn for Bessarabia. Russian Experience 1910–1917, Michigan State University Press, 1983, p. 35.
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Anders Blomqvist, Economic Nationalizing in the Ethnic Borderlands of Hungary and Romania. Inclusion, Exclusion and Annihilation in Szatmár/Satu-mare 1867–1944, Stockholm Studies in History 101, Doctoral thesis in History at Stockholm University, Sweden, 2014, p. 114.
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HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Bericht no. 44 B, Sinaia, am 6. September 1907, from Schönburg to Aehrenthal, p. 325 (recto/verso).
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Warriner, Contrasts in Emerging Societies, pp. 108–109.
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ANR, Fondul Guvernământul Bucovinei, Ministerul de Interne, Mapa 134/5, German translation of Polish letter from Laura z Ortynski Kuliczkowski, dated 12.10.1897.
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ANR, Fondul Guvernământul Bucovinei, Ministerul de Interne, Mapa 75/II, 1902 report from the Bukovinian government to the Ministry of Justice, pp. 1–2.
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Warriner, Contrasts in Emerging Societies, p. 109.
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Verdery, Transylvanian Villagers, p. 221.
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Arbore, Basarabia, pp. 135–136.
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Gur Alroey, Bread to Eat and Clothes to Wear: Letters from Jewish Migrants in the Early 20th Century, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2011, pp. 28, 39.
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Katalin Stráner, ‘Emigration Agents and the Agency of the Urban Press: Approaches to Transatlantic Migration in Hungary, 1880s–1914’, Journal of Migration History 2 (2016), 352–374, pp. 355, 357.
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Gregor M. Kowalski, ‘Constitutional Liberty in the Area of Emigration in Austria. Activities of Emigration Agencies in Lodomeria and Galicia’, in Kaziemierz Baran (Ed.), Constitutional Developments of the Habsburg Empire in the Last Decades before its Fall, Jagiellonian University Press, 2014, p. 61.
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ANR, Arhiva CC al PCR, Fond 59/6066, pp. 5, 7, 35, 88.
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Ulf Brunnbauer, Globalizing Southeastern Europe: Emigrants, America , and the State since the Late Nineteenth Century, Lexington Books, Lanham, 2016, pp. 47–48; Scraba, Starea socială săteanului, p. 190.
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Rosetti, Pentru ce s-au răsculat țăranii? quoted in Stere , Publicistică, p. 278.
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Marin, I. (2018). The Peasant Question. In: Peasant Violence and Antisemitism in Early Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76069-8_4
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