Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Human Health and Physical Activity During Heat Exposure pp 85–99Cite as

Behavioral and Technological Adaptation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 577 Accesses

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Medical Earth Sciences ((BRIEFSMEEASC))

Abstract

Maintaining a euhydrated state is critical for normal biochemical and physiological function. Hydration is normally a dynamic process of the constant loss of water from the body (insensible as well as dynamic water loss from sweating) being replaced through drinking, eating, and the metabolism of food. Significant water loss from sweating during exercise must be replaced to avoid heat and other related injuries. Monitoring of physiological processes has occurred from ancient times but has become sophisticated in the last 100 years. Wearable wireless monitoring has been developed allowing the wearer to determine their physiological status under a variety of conditions (exercise, environmental). Monitoring may help avoid injury that may occur when physiological limits are exceeded (e.g., heat stroke). In addition to physiological monitoring, wearable cooling technologies have been developed which limit the effects of environment on the physiological burden of the environment reducing the risk of heat injury to workers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Parsons KC (2003) Human thermalenvironments: the effects of hot, moderate, and cold environments on human health, comfort, and performance, 2nd edn. Taylor and Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  2. Koeppen BM, Stanton BA (2010) Homeostasis of body fluids. In: Koeppen BM, Stanton BA (eds) Physiology, 6th edn. Mosby Elsivier, Phildelphia, pp 20–33

    Google Scholar 

  3. McArdle WD, McArdle FI, Katch VL (2010) Exercise performance and environmental stress. In: McArdle WD, McArdle FI, Katch VL (eds) Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy, and human performance, 7th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 587–720

    Google Scholar 

  4. Taylor NAS, Kondo N, Kenny WL (2008) The physiology of acute heat exposure, with implications for human performance in the heat. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise, 1st edn. Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 341–350

    Google Scholar 

  5. Montain SJ, Cheuvront SN (2008) Fluid, electrolyte and carbohydrate requirements for exercise. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological bases for human performance during work and exercise. Churchhill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 563–576

    Google Scholar 

  6. Greenleaf JE, Harrison MH (1986) Water and electrolytes. ACS Symp Ser 294:107–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Williams WJ, Schneider SM, Stuart CA, Gretebeck RJ, Lane HW, Whitson PA (2003) Effect of dietary sodium and fluid/electrolyte regulation in humans during bed rest. Aviat Space Environ Med 74(1):37–46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jackson EK (2006) Renin and angiotensin. In: Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL (eds) Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacologic basis of therapeutics, 11th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 789–822

    Google Scholar 

  9. Levinsky NG (1983) Fluids and electrolytes. In: Petersdorf RG, Adams RD, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KR, Martin JB, Wilson JD (eds) Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 220–230

    Google Scholar 

  10. Berger I (2017) Oral versus intravenous hypertonic saline for exercise-associated hyponatraemia. J Paediatr Child Health 53(5):507–509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Montain SJ, Cheuvront SN, Sawka MN (2006) Exercise associated hyponatraemia: quantitative analysis to understand the aetiology. Br J Sports Med 40(2):98–105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Rosner MH, Kirven J (2007) Exercise-associated hyponatremia. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2(1):151–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Almond CS, Shin AY, Fortescue EB, Mannix RC, Wypij D, Binstadt BA et al (2005) Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon. N Engl J Med 352(15):1550–1556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Roberge R, Gernsheimer J, Sparano R, Tartakoff R, Morgenstern MJ, Rubin K et al (1984) Psycogenic polydipsia – an unusual cause of hyponatremia coma and seizure. Ann Emerg Med 13(4):274–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sailer CO, Winzeler B, Nigro N, Suter-Widmer I, Arici B, Bally M et al (2017) Characteristics and outcomes of patients with profound hyponatraemia due to primary polydipsia. Clin Endocrinol 87(5):492–499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Granger D, Marsolais M, Burry J, Laprade R (2003) Na+/H+ exchangers in the human eccrine sweat duct. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 285:C1047–C1058

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gisolfi CV, Spranger KJ, Summers RW, Schedl HP, Bleiler TL (1991) Effects of cycle exercise on intestinal absorption in humans. J Appl Physiol 1985 71(6):2518–2527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Linseman ME, Palmer MS, Sprenger HM, Spriet LL (2014) Maintaining hydration with a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution improves performance, thermoregulation, and fatigue during an ice hockey scrimmage. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 39(11):1214–1221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Valentino TR, Stuempfle KJ, Kern M, Hoffman MD (2016) The influence of hydration state on thermoregulation during a 161-km ultramarathon. Res Sports Med 24(3):212–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Åstrand P-O, Rodale K, Dahl HA, Strømme (2003) In: Åstrand P-O, Rodale K, Dahl HA, Strømme (eds) Textbook of work physiology: the physiological basis of exercise, Fourth edn. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL

    Google Scholar 

  21. Armstrong LE, Hubbard RW, Jones BH (1986) Preparing Alberto Salazar for the heat of the 1984 Olympic games. Phys Sportsmed 14:73–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yaqub B, Al Deeb S (1998) Heat strokes: aetiopathogenesis, neurological characteristics, treatment and outcome. J Neurol Sci 156:144–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kern MJ, King SB III (2011) Cardiac catheterization, cardiac angiography, and coronary blood flow and pressure measurments. In: Fuster V, Walsh RA, Harrington RA (eds) Hurst’s the heart. McGraw Hill Medical, New York, pp 490–538

    Google Scholar 

  24. Tucker LE, Standord J, Graves B, Swetnam J, Hamburger S, Anwar A (1986) Classical heat stroke: clinical and laboratory assessment. South Med J 78(1):20–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L (2012) The citric acid cycle. In: Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L (eds) Biochemistry, Seventh edn. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, pp 497–523

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gisolfi CV (2000) Is the GI system built for exercise? News Physiol Sci 15:114–119

    Google Scholar 

  27. Werner J, Medjavic IB, Taylor NAS (2008) Concepts in physiological regulation: a thermoregulatory perspective. In: Taylor NAS, Groeller H (eds) Physiological basis of human performance during work and exercise. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, pp 325–340

    Google Scholar 

  28. Machado-Moreira C, Taylor NAS (2017) Thermogenic and psychogenic recruitment of human eccrine sweat glands: variation between glabrous and non-glabrous skin surfaces. J Therm Biol 65:145–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Knip AS (1975) Acclimatization and maximum number of functioning sweat glands in Hindu and Dutch female and males. Ann Hum Biol 2(3):261–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. NIOSH (2016) NIOSH criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to heat and hot environments. By Jacklitsch B, Williams WJ, Musolin K, Coca A, Kim J-H, Turner N. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication 2016–2106

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kim JH, Coca A, Williams WJ, Roberge RJ (2011) Effects of liquid cooling garments on recovery and performance time in individuals performing strenuous work wearing a firefighter ensemble. J Occup Environ Hyg 8(7):409–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kim J-H, Coca A, Williams WJ, Roberge RJ (2011) Subjective perceptions and ergonomic evaluation of a liquid cooled garment worn under protective clothing during intermittent treadmill exercise. Ergonomics 54(7):626–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Chacko PSE, Seifi A, Diller KR (2017) A human thermoregulation simulator for calibrating water-perfused cooling pad systems for therapeutic hypothermia. J Med Sci 11. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4037054

  34. Mahmood I, Raza A (2017) Therapeutic equipment for brain-hyperthermia using convective spray cooling. J Med Sci 11. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4036652

  35. Aljaroudi AM, Bhattacharya A, Strauch A, Quinn T, Williams WJ (2017) Utilization of active cooling on postural balance while wearing firefighter’s ensemble in warm humid environment. Presented at the International Society for Postural and Gait Research (ISPGR) Conference, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 25–29 June 2017

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bishop PA, Lee SMC, Conza NE, Clapp L, Moore AD, Williams WJ et al (1999) Carbon dioxide accumulation, walking performance, and metabolic cost of the NASA launch and entry suit. Aviat Space Environ Med 70(7):656–665

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lee SMC, Bishop PA, Schneider SM, Clapp LL, Williams WJ, Greenisen MC (2001) Simulated shuttle egress: role of helmet visor position during approach and landing. Aviat Space Environ Med 72:484–489

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Srinivas G, Fredrickson J, Gebhard S, Copeland B, Galloway D, Williams WJ, et al (2014) Cooling Device for Hazmat Suits. Presented at the Annual Society for Respiratory Protection Society Conference, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 21–25 Sept 2014

    Google Scholar 

  39. Malik R, Williams WJ, Alvarez N, Shanov V (2014) Aligned Carbon Nanotube sheets for faster heat dissipation in Firefighter garment. 2014–15 PRP Symposium, University of Cincinnati, 10 Oct 2014

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ghasemzadeh N, Zafari AM (2011) A brief journey into the history of the arterial pulse. Cardiol Res Pract 164832:1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Wright WF (2016) Early evolution of the thermometer and application to clinical medicine. J Therm Biol 56:18–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Pearce JMS (2002) A brief history of the clinical thermometer. Q J Med 95:251–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hales S (1733) In: Innys W, Manby R (eds) Statical essays: containing Haemostatics, vol 18. Janus, London, pp 333–340. 1913

    Google Scholar 

  44. Booth J (1977) A short history of blood pressure measurement. Proc R Soc Med 70:793–799

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Marey EJ (1876) Des variations électriques des muscles et du coeur en particulier, étudiés ua moyen de l’électrometre de > Lippmann. CR Acad Sci Paris 82:975

    Google Scholar 

  46. Waller AD (1889) On the electromotive changes connected with the beat of the mammalian heart, and of the human heart in particular. Phil Trans B 180:169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Einthoven W (1903) Die galvanometrische Registertritrun des mmenshlichen Elektrokardiogramms, zugleich eine Beurtheilung der Anwendung des Capilar-Elektrometers in der Physiologie. Pflügers Arch ges Physiol 99:472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Lee SMC, Williams WJ, Fortney-Schneider S (2000) Core temperature measurement during supine exercise: esophageal, rectal, and intestinal temperatures. Aviat Space Environ Med 71(9):939–945

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wickwire PJ, Buresch RJ, Tis LL, Collins MA, Jacobs RD, Bell MM (2012) Comparison of an in-helmet temperature monitor system to rectal temperature during exercise. J Strength Cond Res 26(1):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Kim J-H, Roberge RJ, Shafer A, Powell JB, Williams WJ (2013) Measurement accuracy of heart rate and respiratory rate during graded exercise and sustained exercise in the heat using the Zephyr BioHarness™. Int J Sports Med 34:497–501

    Google Scholar 

  51. Coca A, Roberge RJ, Williams WJ, Landsittel DP, Powell JB, Palmiero A (2010) Physiological monitoring in firefighter ensembles: wearable plethysmographic sensor vest versus standard equipment. J Occup Environ Hyg 7(2):109–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Vanveerdeghem P, Van Torre P, Stevens C, Knockaert J, Rogier H (2014) Synchronous wearable wireless body sensor network composed of autonomous textile nodes. Sensors 14:1858–18610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Edirisinghe R, Jadhav A. (2017) Is the smart safety vest a brutal innovation? Evaluation of microclimate performance using a thermal manikin. In: Chan PW and Neilson CJ (eds) Proceedings of 33rd Annual ARCOM Conference. University of Manchester Press, Manchester UK 2017: pp. 734–744

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Center for Disease Control and Protection (CDC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    W. Jon Williams

Authors
  1. W. Jon Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to W. Jon Williams .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan

    Yuri Hosokawa

Additional information

Disclaimer:

Mention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of NIOSH/CDC. The author identifies no conflict of interest in the preparation of this work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Williams, W.J. (2018). Behavioral and Technological Adaptation. In: Hosokawa, Y. (eds) Human Health and Physical Activity During Heat Exposure. SpringerBriefs in Medical Earth Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75889-3_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation