Abstract
Everybody has been a part of a control system at some time. Some examples of this are when driving a car, balancing a broomstick on a hand, walking or standing up without falling, taking a glass to drink water, and so on. These control systems, however, are not automatic control systems, as a person is required to perform a role in it. To explain this idea, in this section some more technical examples of control systems are described in which a person performs a role.
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- 1.
See Chap. 4.
- 2.
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- 4.
Permanent magnet brushed DC motors have been replaced by more efficient permanent magnet synchronous motors in recent industrial robot models. However, control of permanent magnet synchronous motors is complex and, hence, they are not suitable for an introductory example of automatic control systems.
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The robot base is selected to be the origin of the coordinate frame defining the robot tip position.
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See Sect. 2.1.2.
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This function is determined by ship construction, cannot be modified by a controller design and it is not computed during controller evaluation.
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Since flooding in coal and tin mines was a major problem, the first practical steam-engine was introduced in England by T. Newcomen in 1712 to improve ways of pumping water out of such mines.
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As the wired telephony lines expanded because of the growing number of users, signal attenuation was stronger because of the wires’ electrical resistance. The solution was to use several signal amplifiers at selected points in the telephony network. These amplifiers, however, produced significant signal distortion and the sound quality deteriorated.
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Robustness is a property of a control system that indicates that the closed-loop system performance is not affected or it is just a little affected by external disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and measurement noise.
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Hernández-Guzmán, V.M., Silva-Ortigoza, R. (2019). Introduction. In: Automatic Control with Experiments. Advanced Textbooks in Control and Signal Processing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75804-6_1
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