Abstract
The management of foreign exchange exposure is essential to reduce vulnerability of firms to unexpected changes in the exchange rate, which adversely affect the profit margin, cash flow and value of the business. In the early eighties, Adler and Dumas lead the discipline of managing risk exposure with the help of econometric techniques that are effective in stable conditions. However, the main feature of modern economies is the uncertainty and instability of the environment. Under such circumstances, the traditional models are insufficient and ineffective in making decisions. It is therefore necessary to address decisions under uncertain conditions, from another perspective. The objective of the present work is to identify the determinants of exchange risk exposure, by applying of forgotten effects model. The results show that the lack of information, the poor financial planning, and the entrepreneur attitude, are important aspects that have been forgot in the identification of exchange risk exposure. The findings, help companies redefine the action strategies to develop an efficient program of risk management.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
In fact, the origin could be set in 1922, when Lukasiewicz questioned classical Boolean logic (true and false values) and proposed a logic of certain values in the unit interval as a generalization of his trivaluada logic. In the thirties were valued logics proposals for any number of certain values (equal to or greater than 2), identified by rational numbers in the range [0, 1].
- 2.
The valuation concept is similar to a numerical assignment made subjectively. Subjectivity is the characteristic that distinguishes the notion of measure, eminently objective (Gil et al., 2004).
- 3.
This is a calculation program, that allow work with fuzzy models to capture the called forgotten effects at the causality relations.
References
Adler, M., Dumas, B.: Exposure to currency risk: definition and measurement. Finan. Manag. 41–50 (1984)
Allayannis, G., Ofek, E.: Exchange rate exposure, hedging, and the use of foreign currency derivatives. J. Int. Money Finan. 20(2), 273–296 (2001)
Barcellos de Paula, L.: Modelos de gestión aplicados a la sostenibilidad empresarial (2011)
Bartram, S.M.: What lies beneath: foreign exchange rate exposure, hedging and cash flows. J. Bank. Finan. 32(8), 1508–1521 (2008)
Chaieb, I., Mazzotta, S.: The unconditional and conditional exchange rate exposure of US firms (No. 11–15). Swiss Finance Institute (2010)
De Urdanivia, C.M.A.D.: ¿Por qué probar en econometría? Política y cultura 17, 363–376 (2002)
Dhanani, A.: The management of exchange-rate risk: a case from manufacturing industry. Thunderbird Int. Bus. Rev. 46(3), 317 (2004). ABI/INFORM Complete
Doukas, J.A., Hall, P.H., Lang, L.H.: Exchange rate exposure at the firm and industry level. Finan. Mark. Inst. Instrum. 12(5), 291–346 (2003)
Flood Jr., E., Lessard, D.R.: On the measurement of operating exposure to exchange rates: a conceptual approach. Finan. Manag., 25–36 (1986)
Geissler, C.: Tendencias recientes en Administración de Riesgo. Corporate Finance May 126, ABI/INFORM complete 11 (1995)
Gento, A., Lazzari, L., Machado, E.: Reflexiones acerca de las matrices de incidencia y la recuperación de efectos olvidados. Cuadernos del CIMBAGE 4 (2012)
Gil, A.J.: Towards a new paradigm of investment selection in uncertainty. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 84(2), 187–197 (1996)
Gil, A.J.: Elementos para una teoría de la decisión en la incertidumbre (1999)
Gil, A.J.: La matemática borrosa en economía y gestión de empresas. Matematicalia: revista digital de divulgación matemática de la Real Sociedad Matemática Española 1(3), 5 (2005)
Gil, L.A.M., Barcellos De Paula, L.: Una aplicación de la metodología de los efectos olvidados: los factores que contribuyen al crecimiento sostenible de la empresa. Cuadernos del CIMBAGE 12 (2012)
Gil, L.A.M., Luis, B.: Identificación de los atributos contemplados por los clientes en una estrategia crm utilizando el modelo de efectos olvidados. Cuadernos del CIMBAGE 13, 107–127 (2011)
Gil, L.A.M.: El análisis financiero en la incertidumbre. Ariel (1993)
Gil, L.A.M.: Nuevas Estrategias para el análisis financiero en la empresa. Ariel (2001)
Jegher, S.: Estructura flexible en la administración del riesgo financiero. Administración del Riesgo 46(1) (1999). ABI/INFOR
Jorion, P.: The exchange-rate exposure of US multinationals. J. Bus. 63(3), 331–345 (1990)
Kaufmann, A.: Theory of expertons and fuzzy logic. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 28(3), 295–304 (1988)
Kaufmann, A., Gil, A.J.: Técnicas especiales para la gestión de expertos (1993)
Kaufmann, A., Gil, A.J.: Técnicas operativas de gestión para el tratamiento de la incertidumbre. Hispano Europea (1987)
Kaufmann, A., Gil, A.J.: Modelos para la investigación de efectos olvidados. Milladoiro (1988)
Kaufmann, A., Gil, A.J.: Las matemáticas del azar y de la incertidumbre; elementos básicos para su aplicación en economía. Centro de Estudios Ramón Areces (1990)
Martínez, E.F.J., Hervás, M.C., Torres, J.M., Martínez, E.A.C.: Modelo no lineal basado en redes neuronales de unidades producto para clasificación. Una aplicación a la determinación del riesgo en tarjetas de crédito. Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa 3, 40–62 (2007)
Martínez, S.P.: Metodología para la medición de la exposición económica al riesgo de cambio: una revisión. Información Comercial Española 780, 63–79 (1999)
Muñoz, P.M., Avilés, O.E.: Incorporation of fuzzy logic to the Black-Scholes model in exchange option pricing. In: Fourth International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Management and Decision Support. Atlantis Press (2013)
Pascale, R.: Decisiones financieras (1995)
Popov, V., Stutzmann, Y.: How is foreign exchange risk managed? An empirical study applied to two Swiss companies. University of Lausanne (2003)
Preciado, L.B., España, C.L.F., López, C.J.A.: Gestión del riesgo cambiario en una compañía exportadora. Estudios Gerenciales 27(121), 219–238 (2011)
Odegaard, B.A., Priestley, R.: Linear and nonlinear exchange rate exposure and the price of exchange rate risk. In: EFA Berlin Meetings Presented Paper (2002)
Rejda, G.E.: Principles of Risk Management and Insurance. Pearson Education India (1997)
Ranhema, A.: Finanzas Internacionales. Deusto, Barcelona, España (2007)
Rodriguez, R.M.: Measuring and controlling multinationals’ exchange risk. Finan. Anal. J. 35(6), 49–55 (1979)
Sánchez, B.G.: Introducción a la Econometría. Facultad de Economía (2000)
Shapiro, A.C.: Defining exchange risk. J. Bus. 50(1), 37–39 (1977)
Spanos, A.: Statistical Foundations of Econometric Modeling. Cambrige University Press, Cambrige (1986)
Santaulària, D.V.: ¿Qué es la Econometría? Acta Universitaria 16(3), 47–51 (2006)
Wallace, J.: Las mejores prácticas en la administración de riesgos. TMA J. ABI/INFORM 25 (1998)
Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control 8(3), 338–353 (1965)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Vizcarra, G.A., Gil-Lafuente, A.M., Ochoa, E.A. (2018). Identification of the Exchange Risk Exposure by Applying the Model of Forgotten Effects. In: Gil-Lafuente, A., Merigó, J., Dass, B., Verma, R. (eds) Applied Mathematics and Computational Intelligence. FIM 2015. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 730. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75792-6_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75792-6_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75791-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75792-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)