Abstract
Earthen and masonry structures are usually heavy and do not possess an integral behavior. A consequence of these characteristics, in combination with the adopted materials featuring low tensile strength and ductility, is that such structures often collapse in a quasi-brittle way, with local failures, usually out-of-plane. This paper first addressed the seismic assessment of these structures, by providing some recent shaking table tests and blind predictions. Obvious limitations were found in providing a good estimate of collapse. Subsequently, techniques for retrofitting and strengthening are addressed, with applications shown in a real case study.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Augenti N, Parisi F (2010) Learning from construction failures due to the 2009 L’Aquila, Italy, earthquake. J Perform Constr Facil 24(6):536–555. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000122
Cancino C, Farneth S, Garnier P, Newmann JV, Webster F (2009) Damage assessment of historic earthen buildings after the August 15, 2007, Pisco Earthquake. Research Report, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles
Cancino C, Lardinois S, D’Ayala D, Ferreira CF, Dàvila DT, Meléndez EV, Santamato LV (2012) Seismic retrofitting project: assessment of prototype buildings. Research report, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles
Candeias PX, Campos-Costa A, Mendes N, Costa AA, Lourenço PB (2017) Experimental assessment of the out-of-plane performance of masonry buildings through shaking table tests. Int J Archit Herit 11(1):31–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2016.1238975
Ciocci MP, Sharma S, Lourenço PB (2018) Engineering simulations of a super-complex cultural heritage building: Ica Cathedral in Peru, Meccanica (accepted for publication)
de Felice G, de Santis S, Lourenço PB, Mendes N (2017) Methods and challenges for the seismic assessment of historic masonry structures. Int J Archit Herit 11(1):143–160
Ferreira TM, Costa AA, Costa A (2015). Analysis of the out-of-plane seismic behaviour of unreinforced masonry: a literature review. Int J Archit Herit 9(8):949–972. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2014.885996
Holzer TL, Savage JC (2013) Global earthquake fatalities and population. Earthq Spectra 29(1):155–175. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000106
Lagomarsino S (2006) On the vulnerability assessment of monumental buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 4(4):445–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-006-9025-y
Leite J, Lourenço PB, Ingham JM (2013) Statistical assessment of damage to churches affected by the 2010–2011 Canterbury (New Zealand) earthquake sequence. J Earthq Eng 17(1):73–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2012.713562
Lourenço PB, Mendes N, Ramos LF, Oliveira DV (2011) Analysis of masonry structures without box behaviour. Int J Archit Herit 5:369–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2010.528824
Lourenço PB, Mendes N, Costa AA, Campos-Costa A (2017) Methods and challenges on the out-of-plane assessment of existing masonry buildings. Int J Archit Herit 11(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2017.1237114
Mendes N, Costa AA, Lourenço PN, Bento R, Beyer K, de Felice G, Gams M, Griffith M, Ingham J, Lagomarsino S, Lemos JV, Liberatore D, Modena C, Oliveira DV, Penna A, Sorrentino L (2017) Methods and approaches for blind test predictions of out-of-plane behavior of masonry walls: a numerical comparative study. Int J Archit Herit 11(1):59–71
Noy I (2009) The macroeconomic consequences of disasters. J Dev Econ 88(2):221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.02.005
Ortega J, Vasconcelos G, Rodrigues H, Correia M, Lourenço PB (2017) Traditional earthquake resistant techniques for vernacular architecture and local seismic cultures: a literature review. J Cult Herit 27:181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.02.015
Parker R, Little K, Heuser S (2007) Development actions and the rising incidence of disasters. IEG evaluation brief, no. 4. World Bank, Washington, DC. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/06/11918676/development-actions-rising-incidence-disasters
Penna A, Morandi P, Rota M, Manzini CF, da Porto F, Magenes G (2014) Performance of masonry buildings during the Emilia 2012 earthquake. Bull Earthq Eng 12(5):2255–2273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9496-6
Silva RA, Schueremans L, Oliveira DV, Dekoning K, Gyssels T (2012) On the development of unmodified mud grouts for repairing earth constructions: rheology, strength and adhesion. Mater Struct 45(10):1497–1512
Sorrentino L, D’Ayala D, de Felice G, Griffith M, Lagomarsino S, Magenes G (2016) Review of out-of-plane seismic assessment techniques applied to existing masonry buildings. Int J Archit Herit 11(1):2–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2016.1237586
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lourenço, P.B. (2018). Technologies for Seismic Retrofitting and Strengthening of Earthen and Masonry Structures: Assessment and Application. In: Pitilakis, K. (eds) Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering in Europe. ECEE 2018. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, vol 46. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75741-4_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75741-4_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75740-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75741-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)