Skip to main content

Anarchism and Cosmopolitanism

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism

Abstract

In most surveys of anarchism, cosmopolitanism is mentioned in reference as one of its sources in discussions of classical Greek thought, namely the Cynics and the Stoics. Whether or not one can draw such a linkage with the theory and practice of anarchism as an ideology in its various shapes and forms since the nineteenth century may be debatable. Nevertheless the cosmopolitan currents found in the Radical Enlightenment but also in the extra-European thought and practice of the Global South and in liminal encounters between Europe and the colonial Other are important influences for the formation and transmission of anarchism. Furthermore, the engagement with nationalism and patriotism by such anarchists as Rudolf Rocker and Gustav Landauer deal with cosmopolitanism in critical ways. More recently the revival of cosmopolitan thought in critical International Relations and the practices and theorisations of the Global Justice, Occupy and Square movements link the classical anarchist tradition with New and Post Anarchist currents. This chapter will discuss these themes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    R. Fine and R. Cohen, ‘Four cosmopolitan moments’, in S. Vertovec and R. Cohen (Eds), Conceiving Cosmopolitanism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 138–139; D. Inglis and R. Robertson, ‘Beyond the gates of the polis: Reconfiguring sociology’s ancient inheritance’, Journal of Classical Sociology, 4:2 (2004), 165–189; D. Inglis and R. Robertson, ‘The ecumenical analytic: “globalization”, reflexivity and the revolution in Greek historiography’, European Journal of Social Theory, 8:2 (2005), 99–122; C. Douzinas, Human Rights and Empire: The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism (London: Routledge, 2007), 248, 298; G. Leung, ‘Towards a radical cosmopolitanism’, in M. Stone, I. rua Wall, and C. Douzinas (Eds), New Critical Thinking. Law and the Political (London: Routledge, 2014), 229–240.

  2. 2.

    N. Chomsky, The New Military Humanism: Lessons from Kosovo (London: Pluto, 1999) and N. Chomsky, Who Rules the World? (London: Penguin, 2017). Mark Mazower examines the pre-1945 imperialist origins of the post-1945 post-colonial human rights regime. See M. Mazower, ‘The strange triumph of human rights, 1933–1945’, Historical Journal, 47:2 (2004), 377–393 and M. Mazower, Governing the World; The History of an Idea (London: Penguin, 2013).

  3. 3.

    C. Calhoun, ‘The class consciousness of the frequent travellers: Towards a critique of actually existing cosmopolitanism’, in Vertovec and Cohen, Conceiving Cosmopolitanism, 86–109; D. Graeber, Direct Action: An Ethnography (Edinburgh: AK Press, 2009); M. Maeckelbergh, The Will of the Many. How the Alterglobalisation Movement is Changing the Face of Democracy (London: Pluto, 2009).

  4. 4.

    H. Kitschelt, E. Grande, R. Lachat, M. Dolezal, S. Bornschier, and T. Frey, ‘Globalization and the transformation of national political space: Six European countries compared’, European Journal of Political Research, 45:6 (2006), 921–956.

  5. 5.

    R. J. F. Day, Gramsciis Dead. Anarchist Currents in the Newest Social Movements (Pluto: London, 2005); U. Gordon, Anarchy Alive! (London: Pluto, 2008); R. Krøvel, Anarchism, the Zapatistas and the global solidarity movement’, Global Discourse, 1:2 (2010), available at http://global-discourse.com/contents; D. Murray, ‘Democratic insurrection: Constructing the common in global resistance’, Millennium, 39:2 (2010), 461–482; G. Pleyers, Alter-Globalization. Becoming Actors in the Global Age (Cambridge: Polity, 2010); E. Lagalisse, ‘“Good Politics”. Property, Intersectionality, and the Making of the Anarchist Self’. PhD, McGill University, 2016.

  6. 6.

    P. Gerbaudo, The Mask and the Flag: Populism, Citizenism and Global Protest (London: C. Hurst, 2017).

  7. 7.

    C. Levy, ‘Anarchism and Leninist Communism: 1917 and all that’, Socialist History, 52 (2017), 85–94.

  8. 8.

    U, Beck, ‘The cosmopolitan perspective: Sociology in the second age of modernity’, in Vertovec and Cohen, 61–85; U. Beck, Cosmopolitan Vision (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004).

  9. 9.

    R. Kinna, ‘Kropotkin’s theory of the state: A transnational approach’, in C. Bantman and B. Altena (Eds), Reassessing the Transnational Turn. Scales of Analysis in Anarchist and Syndicalist Studies (London: Routledge, 2015), 43–61.

  10. 10.

    R. J. Holton, Cosmopolitanisms: New Thinking and New Directions (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2009), 67–68; S. Zubaida, ‘Middle Eastern experiences of cosmopolitanism’, in Vertovec and Cohen, 32–41.

  11. 11.

    H. Spruyt, The Sovereign State and its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996).

  12. 12.

    M. C. Jacobs, Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006); J. I. Israel, Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 16501750 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001); J. I. Israel, Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man 16701752 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006); J. I. Israel, A Revolution of the Mind. Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010).

  13. 13.

    Israel, Enlightenment Contested, 456–470.

  14. 14.

    G. Claeys, ‘Reciprocal dependence, virtue and progress: Some sources of early socialist cosmopolitanism and internationalism in Britain, 1750–1850’, in F. van Holthoon and M. van der Linden (Eds), Internationalism and the Labour Movement, 18301940, Vol. 1 (Leiden: Brill, 1988); M. R. Garcia, ‘Early views on internationalism: Marxist socialists vs. liberals’, Revue Belge de Philologie et D’Histoire, 84:4 (2006), 1049–1073.

  15. 15.

    P. Linebaugh and M. Rediker, The Many-Headed Hydra: The Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic, Rev. ed. (London: Verso Books, 2012); A. Policante, The Pirate Myth: Genealogies of an Imperial Concept (Law and the Postcolonial) (London: Routledge, 2015); J. Israel, Revolutionary Ideas. An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from The Rights of Man to Robespierre (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014), 292–293, 316–320, 500–502.

  16. 16.

    A. Körner (Ed), 1848: A European Revolution? International Ideas and National Memories of 1848 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000); L. van der Walt and M. Schmidt, Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism, Vol. 1 (Edinburgh: AK Press, 2009); S. J. Hirsch and L. van der Walt (Eds), Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 18801940 (Leiden: Brill, 2011); R. Darlington, Syndicalism and the Transition to Communism: An International Comparative Analysis (Farnham: Ashgate, 2008); Levy, ‘Anarchism and Leninist Communism’; G.-R. Horn, The Spirit of ’68: Rebellion in Western Europe and North America, 19561976 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007); K. Kumar, 1989: Revolutionary Ideas and Ideals (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2001); P. Kenney, A Carnival of Revolution: Central Europe 1989 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, New Ed, 2003); G. Lawson, C. Armbruster, and M. Cox (Eds), The Global 1989: Continuity and Change in World Politics (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010); M. Sitrin and D. Azzellini, The Can’t Represent US!: Reinventing Democracy from Greece to Occupy (London: Verso Books, 2014); D. Graeber, The Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement (London: Penguin, 2014); Gerbaudo, Mask and the Flag.

  17. 17.

    D. Berry and C. Bantman (Eds), New Perspectives on Anarchism, Labour and Syndicalism Labour and Syndicalism. The Individual, the National and the Transnational (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2010); Bantman and Altena, Reassessing the Transnational Turn; B. Maxwell and R. B. Craib (Eds), No Gods No Masters No Peripheries. Global Anarchisms (Oakland, CA: PM, 2015).

  18. 18.

    J. Merriman, Massacre: The Life and Death of the Paris Commune (New York: Basic Books, 2014); K. Ross, Communal Luxury. The Political Imaginary of the Paris Commune (London: Verso Books, 2015).

  19. 19.

    D. Turcato, ‘Italian anarchism as a transnational movement, 1885–1915’, International Review of Social History, 52:3 (2007), 407–444; T. Tomchuk, Transnational Radicals. Italian Anarchists in Canada and the U.S. 19151940 (Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba Press, 2015).

  20. 20.

    J. A. Baer, Anarchist Immigrants inSpainand Argentina (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015).

  21. 21.

    D. Hwang, ‘Korean Anarchism before 1945: A regional and transnational approach, in Steven Hirsch and Lucien van der Walt (Eds), Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 18701940 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), 95–130; A. Dirlik, ‘Anarchism and the question of place: Thoughts from the Chinese experience’, in Hirsch and van der Walt, Anarchism and Syndicalism, 131–146.

  22. 22.

    K. Shaffer, ‘Havana hub: Cuban anarchism, radical media and the trans-Caribbean anarchist network, 1902–1915’, Caribbean Studies, 37:2 (2009), 45–81; K. Shaffer, ‘Tropical Libertarians: Anarchist movements and networks in the Caribbean, Southern United States, and Mexico, 1890s–1920s’, in Hirsch and van der Walt, Anarchism and Syndicalism, 273–320; E. M. Daniel, ‘Cuban cigar makers in Havana, Key West, and Ybor City, 1850s–1990s: A single universe?’, in G. de Laforcade and K. Shaffer (Eds), In Defiance of Boundaries: Anarchism in Latin American History (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2015), 25–97; K. Shaffer, ‘Panama red: Anarchist politics and transnational networks in the Panama Canal Zone, 1904–1913’, in ibid., 48–71.

  23. 23.

    P. Cole, D. Struthers, and K. Zimmer (Eds), Wobblies of the World. A Global History of the IWW (London: Pluto Press, 2017); Hirsch and van der Walt, Anarchism and Syndicalism.

  24. 24.

    B. Anderson, Under Three Flags. Anarchism and the Anti-Colonial Imagination (London: Verso, 2005); J. C. Moya, ‘Modernization, modernity and the trans/formation of the Atlantic World in the nineteenth century’, in J. Cañizares-Esquerra and E. Seeman (Eds), The Atlantic in Global History: 15002000 (New York: Prentice-Hall), 179–198; I. Khuri-Makdisi, The Eastern Mediterranean and the Making of Global Radicalism, 18601914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010).

  25. 25.

    M. Bencivenni, Italian Immigrant Radical Culture. TheIdealismof the Sovversivi in the United States, 18901940 (New York: New York University Press, 2011); J. Guglielmo, Living the Revolution: Italian Women’s Resistance and Radicalism in New York City, 1880–1945 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2012); T. Goyens (Ed), Radical Gotham. Anarchism in New York City from Schwab’s Saloon to Occupy Wall Street (Urban: University of Illinois Press, 2017).

  26. 26.

    K. Zimmer, ‘A Golden Gate of anarchy: Local and transnational dimensions of anarchism in San Francisco, 1880s–1930s, in Altena and Bantman, Reassessing, 100–117.

  27. 27.

    D. Struthers, ‘“The boss had no color line.” Race, solidarity and the culture of affinity in Los Angeles and the borderlands, 1907–1915’, Journal for the Study of Radicalism, 7:2 (2013), 61–92.

  28. 28.

    S. J. Hirsch, ‘Peruvian anarcho-syndicalism, adapting to transnational influences and forcing counterhegemonic practices, 1905–1939’, in Hirsch and van der Walt, Anarchism and Syndicalism, 227–272; D. J. Hirsch, ‘Anarchism, the subaltern, and repertoires of resistance in Northern Peru, 1898–1922’, in Maxwell and Craib, No Gods No Masters, 215–232; S. J. Hirsch. ‘Anarchist visions of race and space in Northern Peru’, in de Laforcade and Shaffer, Defiance of Boundaries, 261–280.

  29. 29.

    R. B. Craib, The Cry of the Renegade. Politics and Poetry in Interwar Chile (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).

  30. 30.

    C. Bantman, The French Anarchists in London, 18801914. Exile andtransnationalismin the first globalisation (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2013); P. Di Paola, The Knights Errant of Anarchy. Landon and the Italian Anarchist Diaspora (18801917) (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2013).

  31. 31.

    Anderson, Under Three Flags.

  32. 32.

    C. Levy, ‘The rooted cosmopolitan: Errico Malatesta, syndicalism, transnationalism and the international labour movement’, in Berry and Bantman, Reassessing, 61–79.

  33. 33.

    C. Bantman, ‘Louise Michel’s London years: A political reassessment (1890–1905)’, Women’s History Review, 26:6 (2017), 994–1012.

  34. 34.

    K. Ferguson, Emma Goldman: Political Thinking in the Streets (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2011); V. Gornick, Emma Goldman: Revolution as a Way of Life (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011).

  35. 35.

    C. Levy, ‘Anarchists and the city. Governance, revolution and imagination’, in F. Federico Ferretti, G. Barrera de la Torre, A. Ince and F. Toro (Eds), Historical Geographies of Anarchism. Early Critical Geographers and Present-Day Scientific Challenges (London: Routledge, 2017), 16–19; J. Gifford, Personal Modernisms. Anarchists Networks and the Later Avant-Gardes (Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2014).

  36. 36.

    P. Gilroy, Between Camps (London: Allen Lane, 2000).

  37. 37.

    W. Mignolo, Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000), 39–40.

  38. 38.

    F. Ferretti, Élisée Reclus. Pour un géographie nouvelle (Paris: Éditions du CTS, 2014).

  39. 39.

    D. Graeber, Possibilities. Essays onHierarchy, Rebellion and Desire (Edinburgh: AK Press, 2007), 88–91.

  40. 40.

    T. Pynchon, Against the Day (London: Jonathan Cape, 2006).

  41. 41.

    J. Suri, Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Détente (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003).

  42. 42.

    D. Archibugi, The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Towards Cosmopolitan Democracy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008).

  43. 43.

    M. Frost, Global Ethics: Anarchy, Freedom and InternationalRelations (London: Routledge, 2009).

  44. 44.

    T. May, ‘From world government to world governance: An anarchist perspective’, International Journal of Applied Philosophy, 27:2 (2013), 277–286.

  45. 45.

    A. Prichard and J. Havercroft, ‘Anarchy and international relations theory: A reconsideration’, Journal of International Political Theory, 13:3 (2017), 262.

  46. 46.

    C. Laborde and M. Ronzoni, ‘What is a free state? Republican internationalism and globalisation’, Political Studies, 64:2 (2015), 289.

  47. 47.

    A. Prichard, Justice, Order and Anarchy. The International Political Theory of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (London: Routledge, 2013), 42–66.

  48. 48.

    Douzinas, Human Rights and Empire; Chomsky, Military Humanism and Chomsky, Who Rules.

  49. 49.

    D. Smith, ‘The fall of Steve Bannon is a win for the globalists. But will it last?’, The Guardian, 18 August 2017.

  50. 50.

    G. Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (London: Secker & Warburg, 1949).

  51. 51.

    C. Wright Mills, The Causes of World War III (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1958). On C. Wright Mills’ anarchist connections see, C. Levy, ‘“I am a Goddamn anarchist: C. Wright Mills, the anarchists and participatory democracy’, forthcoming.

  52. 52.

    T. G. Weiss, ‘The tradition of philosophical anarchism and the future directions in world policy’, Journal of Peace Research, 12:1 (1975), 1–17; R. Falk, ‘Anarchism and world order’, J. R. Pennock and J. W. Chapman (Eds), Anarchism (New York: New York University Press, 1978), 63–87.

  53. 53.

    Havercroft and Prichard, op. cit., Ref. 44, 255.

  54. 54.

    E. Cudworth and S. Hobsden, ‘Anarchy and anarchism: Towards a theory of complex international systems’, Millennium, 39:2 (2010), 399–416; A. Goodwin, ‘Evolution and anarchism in international relations: The challenge of Kropotkin’s biological ontology’, Millennium, 39:20 (2010), 417–437.

  55. 55.

    R. O. Keohane and E. Ostrom (Eds), Local Commons and Global Interdependence (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994).

  56. 56.

    T. Christov, ‘The Invention of Hobbesian anarchy’, Journal of International Political Theory, 13:3 (2017), 296–310.

  57. 57.

    A. Prichard, ‘David Held is an anarchist. Discuss’, Millennium, 39:2 (2010), 439–459.

  58. 58.

    B. Tesche, The Myth of 1648: Class, Geopolitics, and the Making of Modern International Relations (London: Verso, 2003).

  59. 59.

    For the general debate, see, S, Sassen, Territory Authority Rights. From Medieval to Global Assemblages (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006).

  60. 60.

    L. M. Ashworth, ‘David Mitrany on the international anarchy. A lost work of classical realism’, Journal of International Political Theory, 13:3 (2017), 311–324.

  61. 61.

    R. Falk, ‘Anarchism without “anarchism”: Searching for progressive politics in the early 21st century’, Millennium, 39:3 (2010), 381–398; A. Prichard, ‘Justice, order and anarchy: The international political theory of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865)’, Millennium, 35:3 (2007), 623–645; A. Prichard, ‘Deepening anarchism: International relations and the anarchist ideal’, Anarchist Studies, 18:2 (2010), 29–57.

  62. 62.

    J. Derrida, Spectres de Marx (Paris: Éditions Galilee, 1993); J. Derrida, Cosmopolites de tous les pays, encore un effort (Paris: Éditions Galilee, 1997); J. Derrida, L.hospitalité (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1997).

  63. 63.

    T. May, ‘Equality among the refugees: A Rancièrean view of Montréal’s san-status Algerians’, Anarchist Studies, 16:2 (2008), 121–134; S. Mezzadra and B. Nielsen, Border as Method, or, the Multiplication of Labor (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013; M. Tazzioli, SpacesofGovernmentality: Autonomous Migration and the Arab Uprising (New Politics of Autonomy) (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2014); N. De Genova (Ed), The Borders of “Europe”: Autonomy of Migration. Tactics of Bordering (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017).

  64. 64.

    A. Carter, The Political Theory of Global Citizenship (London: Routledge, 2001), 181.

  65. 65.

    A. Herzog, ‘Political itineraries and anarchic cosmopolitanism and the thought of Hannah Arendt’, Inquiry, 47:1 (2004), 20–41; P. Owens, Between War and Politics:International Relationsand the Thought of Hannah Arendt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 16; P. Hayden, Political Evil in a Global Age: Hannah Arendt and International Theory (London: Routledge, 2009), 91; D. Baum, S. Bygrave, and S. Morton (Eds), ‘Hannah Arendt: After Modernity’, New Formations: A Journal of Culture/Theory/Politics, 71 (2011), 5–124.

  66. 66.

    John Lechte and Saul Newman, Agamben and the Politics of Human Rights. Statelessness, Images, Violence (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013).

  67. 67.

    C. Ross, Independent Diplomat: Dispatches From An Unaccountable Elite (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2017).

  68. 68.

    B. Honig, Democracy and the Foreigner (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001) and B. Honig, Emergency Powers (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009).

  69. 69.

    A. Dobson, ‘Thick cosmopolitanism’, Political Studies, 54:1 (2006), 165–184.

  70. 70.

    M. Hardt and A. Negri, Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000); M. Hardt and A. Negri, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire (New York: Penguin Press, 2004); M. Hardt and A. Hardt, Commonwealth (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011).

  71. 71.

    K. Shapiro, ‘The myth of the multitude’, in P. A. Passavant and J. Dean (Eds), Empire’s New Clothes: Reading Hard and Negri (London: Routledge, 2004), 308, 289–314.

  72. 72.

    Marcel Lopes de Souza, ‘“Feuding brothers”?: Left-Libertarians, Marxists, and socio-spatial research at the beginning of the twenty-first century, in M. Lopes de Souza, R. J. White, and S. Springer (Eds), Theories of Resistance. Anarchism, Geography, and the Spirit of Revolt (London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016), 124–153.

  73. 73.

    D. Harvey, Marx, Capital and the Madness of Economic Reason (London: Profile, 2017).

  74. 74.

    S. Newman, The Politics of Post-Anarchism (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010) and S. Newman, Postanarchism (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2015).

  75. 75.

    S. Newman, ‘Crowned anarchy: Postanarchism and international relations theory’, Millennium, 40:2 (2012), 259–278.

  76. 76.

    P. Di Paola, ‘The Game of the Goose. Italian anarchism: Transnational, national, or local perspective?’, in Bantman and Altena, Reassessing, 118–138.

  77. 77.

    D. R. Gabaccia, Italy’sMany Diasporas (London: UCL Press, 2000), 45–57.

  78. 78.

    W. J. Fishman, Jewish Radicals: From Czarist Shtetl to London Ghetto (London: Duckworth, 1974); F. Biagini, Nati altrove: il movimento ebraico tra Mosca e New York (Pisa: Biblioteca F. Serantini, 1998); A. Bertolo (Ed), L’anarchico e l’ebreo. Storia di un incontro (Milan: Elèuthera, 2001); B. P. Gidley, ‘Citizenship and Belonging: East End Jewish radicals 1903–1918’, PhD thesis, Goldsmiths, University of London, 2003; J. Moya, ‘The positive side of stereotypes: Jewish anarchists in early twentieth-century Buenos Aires’, Jewish History, 18:1 (2004), 19–48; K. Zimmer, Immigrants against the State. Yiddish and Italian Anarchism in America (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015).

  79. 79.

    M. Löwy, Rédemption et Utopie: Le judaïsme libertaire en Europe centrale (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1988); N. Sznaider, Jewish Memory and the Cosmopolitan Memory (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2011); Gildley, ibid.; Zimmer, ibid.

  80. 80.

    Ferguson, Emma Goldman, 67–175; P Avrich and K. Avrich, Sasha and Emma. The Anarchist Odyssey of Alexander Berkman and EmmaGoldman (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012).

  81. 81.

    Gidley, ‘Citizenship and Belonging’, Zimmer, Immigrants.

  82. 82.

    C. B. Maurer, Call to Revolution: The Mystical Anarchism of Gustav Landauer (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1971); E. Lunn, Prophet of Community: The Romantic Socialism of Gustav Landauer (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974); C. Levy, ‘Max Weber, anarchism and libertarian culture: Personality and power politics’, in S. Whimster (Ed), Max Whimster, anarchism and the Culture of Anarchy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999), 83–109; G. Landauer, Revolution and other Writings: A Political Reader, ed. and trans. G. Kuhn and preface by R. J. F. Day (Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2010).

  83. 83.

    J. Horrox, Living Revolution: Anarchism in the KibbutzMovement (Edinburgh: AK Press, 2009).

  84. 84.

    M. Graur, ‘Anarchy-nationalism: Attitudes towards Jewish nationalism and Zionism’, Modern Judaism, 14:1 (1994), 1–19.

  85. 85.

    D. Miller, National Responsibility and Global Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007) and D. Miller, Strangers in Our Midst: The Political Philosophy of Immigration (Cambridge, MA, 2016).

  86. 86.

    P. Wirtén, ‘Free the Nation-Cosmopolitanism Now!’, Eurozine, 22 November 2002, available at www.eurozine.com; C. Gabay, ‘Anarcho-cosmopolitanism: The universalization of equal exchange’, Global Discourse, 1:2 (2010), available at http://global-discourse.com/contents.

  87. 87.

    M. Knapp, E. Ayboga and A. Flach, Revolution in Rojava: Democratic Autonomy and Women’s Liberation in Syrian Kurdistan (London: Pluto Press, 2016).

  88. 88.

    M. Vallance, ‘Rudolf Rocker—a biographical sketch’, Journal of Contemporary History, 8:3 (1973), 75–95; M. Graur, An Anarchist ‘Rabbi’: The Life and Teachings of Rudolf Rocker (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997); B. Morris, ‘Rudolf Rocker. A Tribute’, Anarchist Studies, 20:2 (2012), 11–21.

  89. 89.

    Chomsky discusses von Humboldt in American Power and the New Mandarins (New York: Vintage, 1969).

  90. 90.

    M. Guibernau, TheIdentityof Nations (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007).

  91. 91.

    J. Breuilly, Nationalism and the State, 2nd ed. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993); J. Breuilly, ‘Introduction: Concepts, approaches, theories’, in J. Breuilly (Ed), The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 1–21.

  92. 92.

    B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism, rev. edn (London: Verso, 2006).

  93. 93.

    R. Rocker, Nationalism and Culture (New York: Covici-Friede, 1937).

  94. 94.

    D. Laqua, ‘Freethinkers, anarchists and Francisco Ferrer: The making of a transnational solidarity campaign’, European Review of History: Revue européene d’histoire, 21:4 (2014), 467–484.

  95. 95.

    L. L. Zamenhof, An Attempt Toward an International Language (New York: Henry Holt, 1889).

  96. 96.

    C. Levy, Gramsciand the Anarchists (Oxford: Berg, 1999), 30; M. Antonioli and A. Dilemmo (Eds), Contro la Chiesa. I moti Pro Ferrer del 1909 in Italia (Pisa: BFS, 2009).

  97. 97.

    Landauer, Revolution, 276–279.

  98. 98.

    Graur, ‘Anarchy-nationalism’.

  99. 99.

    Ibid., 204–205.

  100. 100.

    C. Levy, ‘Antonio Gramsci, Anarchism, Syndicalism and Sovversivismo’, in R. Kinna, S. Pinta, A. Prichard, and D. Berry (Eds), Politics in Red and Black: 20th Century Libertarian Socialism (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2012), 96–115.

  101. 101.

    A. Carlucci, Gramsciand Languages: Unification, Diversity,Hegemony: Historical Materialism (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2015).

  102. 102.

    Levy, Gramsci, 99–102.

  103. 103.

    C. Levy, ‘Gramsci’s cultural and political sources: Anarchism in the prison writings’, Journal of Romance Studies, 12:3 (2012), 44–62.

  104. 104.

    Archibugi, Global Commonwealth, 260–262, 271–272.

  105. 105.

    P. Ives, Language andHegemonyin Gramsci (London: Pluto, 2004); P. Ives, Gramsci’sPolitics of Language: Engaging the Bakhtin Circle and the Frankfurt School (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004),

  106. 106.

    P. Ives, ‘Cosmopolitanism and global English: Language politics in globalisation debates’, Political Studies, 58:3 (2010), 516–535.

  107. 107.

    From a quotation in Carter, Political Theory, 168.

  108. 108.

    Levy, ‘Rooted cosmopolitan’.

  109. 109.

    D. Turcato, ‘Nations without borders: Anarchists and national identity’, in Altena and Bantman, Reassessing, 37–40.

  110. 110.

    Levy, ‘Rooted cosmopolitan’, 76.

  111. 111.

    C. Levy, ‘Da Bresci a Wormwood Scrubs: Il “capo” dell’anarchismo mondiale a Londra’, in Errico Malatesta:“Lo Sciopero Armato”. Il lungo esilio londinese 19001913, Opere complete (Milan: Zero in Condotta, 2015), xix.

  112. 112.

    C. Bantman, ‘The dangerous liaisons of belle époque anarchists: Internationalism, transnationalism, and national in the French anarchist movement (1880–1914)’, in Altena and Bantman, Reassessing, 86–89.

  113. 113.

    S. M. P. Wilson, ‘Towards cosmopolitan democracy: Reconceptualising cosmopolitan citizenship from an anarchist lens’, Paper, Societias Ethica, Annual Conference, 2015: Globalization andJustice, August 20–23, 2015, Linköping.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carl Levy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Levy, C. (2019). Anarchism and Cosmopolitanism. In: Levy, C., Adams, M.S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics