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Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: Neurosurgery pp 159–184Cite as

Patient-Specific Virtual Reality Simulation for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery

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Abstract

The Dextroscope is a surgical planning system that takes advantage of some of the key aspects of virtual reality to maximize the potential of multimodal patient data: two-handed input in 3D and stereoscopic volume-rendering visualization of 3D data. 3D patient models are manipulated in 3D by the surgeon in an easy, intuitive, and flexible manner, without the limitations imposed by mouse and keyboard. It features additionally comprehensive software tools for data segmentation, simulated bone drilling, and simulation of intraoperative views. The Dextrobeam was introduced for use as an educational tool for students and practitioners of anatomy and surgery. It was used in a number of international medical courses and teaching departments.

In order to take full advantage in the operating room of the 3D models created by the Dextroscope, the DEX-Ray augmented reality navigation system was developed. It featured a handheld tracked probe incorporating a video camera, which overlaid 3D virtual patient information over a video stream, to achieve unambiguous intraoperative image guidance.

The Dextroscope was applied mainly to neurosurgery, but it was also used in other specialties presenting a surgical challenge – an anatomical or structural complexity that requires planning of the surgical (or interventional) approach, for example, ENT, orthopedic, trauma, craniofacial, and liver surgery.

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Acknowledgments

The Dextroscope, Dextrobeam, DEX-Ray, and DextroVision were developed by Volume Interactions Pte Ltd, a company member of the Bracco Group (Milan, Italy). Volume Interactions was based in Singapore and was a spin-off from the Kent Ridge Digital Labs (now Institute for Infocom Research) in Singapore.

The Dextroscope and Dextrobeam products received USA FDA 510(K)-Class II (2002) clearance, CE Marking-Class I (2002), China SFDA Registration-Class II (2004) and Taiwan Registration-type P (Radiology) (2007). DEX-Ray and DextroVision were research prototypes.

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Hirslanden Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

    Ralf A. Kockro

  2. Galgo Medical SL, Barcelona, Spain

    Luis Serra

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Correspondence to Ralf A. Kockro .

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ali Alaraj

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Interactions in the Dextroscope

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Kockro, R.A., Serra, L. (2018). Patient-Specific Virtual Reality Simulation for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery. In: Alaraj, A. (eds) Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: Neurosurgery. Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75583-0_13

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