Abstract
This chapter mainly focuses on the reduction of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water in Puerto Rico. Three different nanostructured materials (Graphene, mordenite and multiwalled carbon nanotubes) were used to reduce the THMs formation by adsorption in specific contact time. The results showed that graphene is the best nanomaterial to reduce THMs in drinking water. Graphene can reduce THMs 80 parts per billion (ppb) in about 2 h.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahn CH, Anczykowski B, Atashbar MZ, Bacsa W, Bainbridge WS, Baldi A, Barnes PD, Batteas JD, Bennewitz R, Berman AD et al (2004) [CD-ROM]. Germany: Springer handbook of nanotechnology (1st edn), pp 331–332. Springer, Berlin. ISBN 3-540-01218-4
Barron AR, Bratt A, Dominguez M, Fransworth M, Fernández M, Fisher E, Gangoli VS, Hamilton CE, Harrison L, Holden J et al (2017) Nanotechnology for the oil and gas industry. Rice University, Houston, TX; 2010. [Internet]. [Cited 2017 May 31]. Available from: http://www.cnx.org/content/col10700/1.11/
Egerton RF (2005) Physical principles of electron microscopy: an introduction to TEM, SEM and AEM (1st edn). Springer Science Business Madia Inc., New York [cited 2017 May 6]. Available from: http://chem.wzu.edu.cn/20082613122640.pdf
Ferraro JR, Nakamoto K, Brown CW (2003) Introductory Raman spectroscopy (2nd edn). [Internet]. Elsevier Science (USA): [cited 2017 May 5]. Available from: http://www.fulviofrisone.com/attachments/article/406/introductory ramanspectroscopy.pdf
Frein C, Barron AR (2009) Thermogravimetric analysis of single walled carbon anotubes. [Cited 2017 May 10]. Available from: http://cnx.org/content/m22972/latest/
Gauglitz G, Vo-Dinh T (2003) Handbook of spectroscopy. [CD-ROM]. Wiley_Vch Verlag Gmbh & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. ISBN 3-527-29782-0
Hernández J (2016) Trihalomethanes in drinking water of Puerto Rico and their reduction using nanomaterials. Editorial Académica Española. ISBN: 978-3-8417-5946-7
Klobes P (2011) Precision measurement of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption, Chapter 4: microprobing and microstructures analysis [Internet]. BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany. [Cited 2017 May 20]. Available from http://www.bam.de/en/basiskontakte/index.htm
Mclaughlin H, Shields F, Jagiello J, Thiele G (2012) Analytical options for biochar adsorption and surface area. Presented at the 2012 US biochar conference session on characterization
Ni Z, Wang Y, Yu T, Shen Z (2008) Raman spectroscopy and imaging of graphene. Nano Res 1:273–291
Rao CNR, Subrahmanyam KS, Ramakrishna HSS, Govindaraj A (2011) Graphene: synthesis, functionalization and properties. Modern Phys Lett 25(7):427–451
Subrahmanyam KS, Vivekchand SRC, Govindaraj A, Rao CNR (2008) A study of graphenes prepared by different methods: characterization, properties, and solubilization. J Mater Chem 18:1517–1523
United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012) 2012 Edition of drinking water standards and health advisories. EPA 822-S-12-001. Office of Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. [Cited 2017 Apr 12]. Available from: http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm.Secondary
Voutou B, Stefanaki EC (2008) Electron microscopy: the basics. 2008. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. [Internet]. [Cited 2017 Apr 14]. Available from: http://www.mansic.eu/documents/PAM1/Giannakopoulos1.pdf
Wang ZL (2000) Characterization of nanophase materials. Part I technical approaches. [CD-ROM]. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. ISBNs: 3-527-29837-1
Wang Y, Fan W, Wang G, Ji M (2011) New insight into the graphene based films prepared from carbon fibers. Mater Sci Appl 2:834–838
Wilson RA, Bullen HA (2006) Introduction to scanning probe microscope. Basic theory atomic force microscopy (AFM). Department of Chemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY
Wu W, Chen W, Lin D, Yang K (2012) Influence of surface oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the adsorption affinity and capacity of polar and nonpolar organic compounds in aqueous phase. Environ Sci Technol 46:5446–5454
Zolyomi V, Koltai J, Kurti J (2011) Resonance Raman spectroscopy of graphite and graphene. Phys Status Solidi 11:2435–2444
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bourdón, J.L.H. (2019). Graphene Characterization and Its Use to Reduce Trihalomethanes (THMs) in Drinking Water in Puerto Rico. In: Naushad, M. (eds) A New Generation Material Graphene: Applications in Water Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75484-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75484-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75483-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75484-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)