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The Role of Hypoxia, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF), and VEGF in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation

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Retinal Degenerative Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1074))

Abstract

In industrialized countries, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in elderly people. Hallmarks of the non-neovascular (dry) form of AMD are the formation of drusen and geographic atrophy, whereas the exudative (wet) form of the disease is characterized by invading blood vessels. In retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), a special form of wet AMD, intraretinal vessels grow from the deep plexus into the subretinal space. Little is known about the mechanisms leading to intraretinal neovascularization, but age-related changes such as reduction of choroidal blood flow, accumulation of drusen, and thickening of the Bruch’s membrane may lead to reduced oxygen availability in photoreceptors. Such a chronic hypoxic situation may induce several cellular response pathways including the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and the production of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here, we discuss the potential contribution of hypoxia and HIFs in RAP disease pathology and in some mouse models for subretinal neovascularization.

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Abbreviations

AMD:

Age-related macular degeneration

CNV:

Choroidal neovascularization

HIF:

Hypoxia-inducible factors

PND:

Postnatal day

RAP:

Retinal angiomatous proliferation

RPE:

Retinal pigment epithelium

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VLDLR:

Very low-density lipoprotein receptor

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistr. 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland

    Maya Barben, Marijana Samardzija & Christian Grimm

  2. Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Maya Barben & Christian Grimm

  3. Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Christian Grimm

Authors
  1. Maya Barben
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  2. Marijana Samardzija
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  3. Christian Grimm
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christian Grimm .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    John D. Ash

  2. Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA

    Robert E. Anderson

  3. School of Medicine Beckman Vision Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Matthew M. LaVail

  4. Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Catherine Bowes Rickman

  5. Division of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Joe G. Hollyfield

  6. Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Christian Grimm

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Barben, M., Samardzija, M., Grimm, C. (2018). The Role of Hypoxia, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF), and VEGF in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation. In: Ash, J., Anderson, R., LaVail, M., Bowes Rickman, C., Hollyfield, J., Grimm, C. (eds) Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1074. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_22

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