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The Role of Perivascular Fat in Raising Blood Pressure in Obesity and Diabetes

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Book cover Prehypertension and Cardiometabolic Syndrome

Part of the book series: Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection ((UHCP))

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Abstract

The obesity epidemic has highlighted the need to reassess and fundamentally rethink the pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension and the interplay between adipocytes, the vasculature and blood glucose homeostasis. In reality, the components of the metabolic syndrome do not exist in isolation, rather in an intricate balance which is ultimately disturbed in disease states. In this chapter, we review the role of adipocytes and the perivascular adipose tissue in health and disease in relation to obesity, hypertension and diabetes.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin converting enzyme

ADRF:

Adipose-derived relaxing factor

AMPK:

5′ Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

BMI:

Body mass index

BP:

Blood pressure

CNS:

Central nervous system

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

G6PD:

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

MR:

Mineralocorticoid receptor

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

OSA:

Obstructive sleep apnoea

PAME:

Palmitic acid methyl ester

PVAT:

Perivascular adipose tissue

RAAS:

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SHR:

Spontaneously hypertensive rat

SNS:

Sympathetic nervous system

WC:

Waist circumference

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Acknowledgments

Sources of Funding: Dr. Aghamohammadzadeh is an NIHR Academic Clinical Lecturer in Cardiology at the University of Manchester.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Reza Aghamohammadzadeh & Anthony M. Heagerty

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  1. Reza Aghamohammadzadeh
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  2. Anthony M. Heagerty
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Correspondence to Reza Aghamohammadzadeh .

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  1. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Reuven Zimlichman

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Stevo Julius

  3. Emeritus Professor of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Giuseppe Mancia

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Aghamohammadzadeh, R., Heagerty, A.M. (2019). The Role of Perivascular Fat in Raising Blood Pressure in Obesity and Diabetes. In: Zimlichman, R., Julius, S., Mancia, G. (eds) Prehypertension and Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75310-2_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75310-2_20

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