Abstract
At the 2007 Africa—8European Union (EU) summit, a Joint Africa–EU Strategy (JAES) was agreed upon that defined the long-term policy orientation between the two continents. A partnership in peace and security (JAES P&S) received a prominent place within the Strategy. 2017 is a special year for the continent-to-continent relationship since it marks up its 10th anniversary. Understanding the outcome of the JAES P&S one needs to assess and analyse on the one hand, the role that ideas (such as e.g. the paradigm changes in the conceptualisation of security, its nexus to development and regional integration) had on informing the standing up of JAES P&S, and on the other hand analyse the inter-institutional interactions needed in the implementation of this partnership.
The original version of this chapter was revised: The chapter author name has been corrected. The erratum to this chapter is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75280-8_11
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Notes
- 1.
APF was created in 2003 upon a request by African leaders. It is funded through the EDF: €440 million for the period 2004–2007; €300 million for 2008–2010 and for 2013 alone €232 million were contracted. In 2007 it received additional funding through the voluntary contributions of EU MS. African countries also contribute, i.e. South Africa. APF is at the centre of JAES P&S priority action three. Its aims were twofold: support African led PSOs and capacity building for APSA including RECs. For instance, to African PSOs: €300 million to AMIS; €15.5 million to AMISOM; €23.4 million to FOMUC/CAR; €5 million to AMISEC; while in 2013.
- 2.
Initiated through an agreement between France and the UK in 2005–2006, and adopted by the EU in May 2006, was intended as the framework for implementing ESA, with the focus of supporting the establishment of AU APSA, including the creation of ASF, This focus has been transferred to JAES P&S.
- 3.
The EU Council established the position of an EU delegation exclusively dedicated to the AU. The position is a double-hatted, meaning it represents both the Council as the EU Special representative (EUSR) and the Commission as the Head of its Delegation.
- 4.
Established by the European Council in February 2008, with the aim of providing with decisive resources in order to implement the JAES P&S, ‘coordinating all related activities’ within the Council Secretariat.
- 5.
This factor will be handled at greater length on the following section of this same chapter ‘Conceptualisation of Security & Securitisation of External Borders’.
- 6.
The Göteborg Programme concerns issues of conflict prevention with a focus on especially long-term commitments.
- 7.
The APF established in 2003, has come to be a major financing source to African Peace and Security Operations (PSOs) as well as to capacity building projects for APSA. Established in 2007, If S is an instrument that focuses on crisis management and peacebuilding concerning both short- and long-term interventions, and is envisioned as a complement especially to EDF and APF, in either to kick-start an initiative or when both EDF and PAF have temporarily run out. The budget for urgent interventions in Africa for 2007–2008 amounted to €64 million. DCI Thematic Budget Lines for Africa concern i.e. funds that enhance the collaboration between non-state actors and local authorities.
- 8.
Operation Artemis was launched on 12 June 2003, with the aim to prevent a humanitarian catastrophe in Ituri, in the North East of DRC, as a result of violent fighting between the Hema and Lendu ethnic groups. The operation was explicitly mandated by the UN’s Security Council (Resolution 1484) in order to maintain the security in the camps hosting the internally displaced, secure the airport in Bunia and protect civilians, UN staff and humanitarian agencies in the region. It was intended as a bridging mission till the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the DRC (MONUC) was reinforced and its strength increased.
- 9.
It has, though, to be said that the outcomes of these relationships are dependent upon the political will of EU MS.
- 10.
UK, since 2001, has considerably invested in developing African peacekeeping capabilities in former colonies via the British Peace Support Teams, which became part of an ambitious interdepartmental programme: the Africa Conflict prevention Pool (ACPP). The departments involved are that for International Development (DfID), the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) and the Ministry of Defence (MoD).
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Raich, L. (2018). Security at the Centre of Post 2000 EU–Africa Relations. In: Frankowski, P., Gruszczak, A. (eds) Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Regional and Global Security . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75280-8_6
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