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Nanofiltration of Dye Bath Towards Zero Liquid Discharge: A Technical and Economic Evaluation

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Water Scarcity and Ways to Reduce the Impact

Abstract

A dye bath effluent is the most resource-rich stream in a dye house in the textile industry with almost all salts used and 0–40% of unfixed dyes, and 10% of water in a wet process . A lot of effort has been made to breakdown dyes physically, chemically and biologically and mainly for meeting the local government discharge standard, however, salts in the dye bath are unchanged and are simply diluted and discharged to the environment. Both salts and dyes are valuable commodities. If they are recovered, less resources will be wasted and less damage will be done to the environment. This is beneficial to both the industries and the environment. Membrane filtration is an effective tool to separate chemicals according to their sizes and surface charges without altering their properties. In this chapter, we reviewed the development of Nanofiltration membrane technology (NF) in terms of lower salt rejection and membrane fouling and proposed the mechanisms of membrane pore enlargement during separating salts from dye in a dyebath for recovery, recycling and reuse. We also mentioned the industries that use dyes and pigments in their daily operations. We have concluded that membrane swelling/pore enlargement remains a challenge on NF application.

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Acknowledgements

The first author acknowledges the School of Engineering of Deakin University, Australia for appointing her as a senior research associate and the Institute of Frontier Materials at Deakin University for providing access to nanosizer to carry out experiments on salt aggregation .

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering, RMIT University, 402 Swanston Street, Melbourne, 3000, Australia

    Li Shu & Veeriah Jegatheesan

  2. College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 402 Swanston Street, Melbourne, 3000, Australia

    Muthu Pannirselvam

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  1. Li Shu
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  3. Veeriah Jegatheesan
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Correspondence to Li Shu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Muthu Pannirselvam

  2. LJS Environment, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

    Li Shu

  3. RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Gregory Griffin

  4. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Ligy Philip

  5. Tamilnadu Water Investment Company, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Ashok Natarajan

  6. Tamilnadu Water Investment Company, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sajid Hussain

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Shu, L., Pannirselvam, M., Jegatheesan, V. (2019). Nanofiltration of Dye Bath Towards Zero Liquid Discharge: A Technical and Economic Evaluation. In: Pannirselvam, M., Shu, L., Griffin, G., Philip, L., Natarajan, A., Hussain, S. (eds) Water Scarcity and Ways to Reduce the Impact. Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75199-3_3

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