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Large-Scale and Transient Disturbances and Trends: From the Ground to the Ionosphere

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Infrasound Monitoring for Atmospheric Studies

Abstract

Infrasonic waves excited at surface or in the troposphere propagate to longer distances via reflections from the middle and upper stratosphere or the lower thermosphere. These two atmospheric regions are affected by large-scale and transient disturbances, by long-term changes and trends. A brief review is given with particular emphasis on the stratosphere and lower thermosphere. The impact of such disturbances and long-term trends on the propagation of infrasonic waves is qualitatively estimated. Two dominant disturbances of solar origin, which substantially affect the atmosphere, and particularly the ionosphere, are solar flares and geomagnetic storms. Atmospheric waves, namely gravity waves, planetary waves, and tidal waves, affect both regions of infrasound reflections. The major midwinter stratospheric warming has pronounced effect on the height profile of temperature, thus they are capable to significantly affect propagation of infrasonic waves. There are also sporadic effects like earthquakes, which excite infrasound and gravity waves, but their overall impact on infrasound propagation is small. The impact of atmospheric waves is smaller than that of some sporadic effects like the major stratospheric warmings but atmospheric waves are continuously present in the atmosphere. Both the stratosphere and thermosphere experience also long-term changes and trends, in recent decades of predominantly anthropogenic origin (greenhouse effect, ozone depletion). These long-term changes are small but continuous, so they do not affect behavior of infrasonic waves on short-term scales but might have some effect on long-term scales like changes from decade to decade.

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Acknowledgements

Support by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic via Grants 15-03909S and 13-09778P is acknowledged and the European Commission’s project ARISE2 (Grant Agreement 653980).

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  1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics ASCR, Bocni II, 14131, Prague, Czech Republic

    Jan Laštovička & Tereza Šindelářová

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Correspondence to Jan Laštovička .

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  1. CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France

    Alexis Le Pichon

  2. CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France

    Elisabeth Blanc

  3. SHTI, LATMOS/IPSL, Guyancourt, France

    Alain Hauchecorne

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Laštovička, J., Šindelářová, T. (2019). Large-Scale and Transient Disturbances and Trends: From the Ground to the Ionosphere. In: Le Pichon, A., Blanc, E., Hauchecorne, A. (eds) Infrasound Monitoring for Atmospheric Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75140-5_25

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