Skip to main content

Beyond Institutional Betrayal: When the Professional Is Personal

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Witnessing Torture

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Life Writing ((PSLW))

  • 64k Accesses

Abstract

Gerrity offers a personal reflection and an analysis of the institutional role of the American Psychological Association (APA) in US torture policy and its implementation. Providing an indictment of the APA’s betrayal of bedrock principles against psychological harm, and a personal meditation on the choices we face as individuals and members of institutions in standing against torture, Gerrity situates her analysis of the APA’s actions in a larger institutional context of psychological and medical professionals and organizations. Faced with the APA’s intransigence, she bears witness to the significance of alliances with survivors and other health professionals who refuse complicity with the security concerns of the state that, as her essay demonstrates, can lead so easily to specious justifications for torture and legitimations of the role of a range of professionals in its perpetration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 19.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 29.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Joyce Sutphen, “How to Listen,” First Words: Poems (Northfield, MN: Red Dragonfly Press, 2010).

  2. 2.

    Ellen Gerrity, Terence M. Keane, & Farris Tuma, eds. The Mental Health Consequences of Torture (NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publications, 2001).

  3. 3.

    Margaret Mead, The Institute for Intercultural Studies, http://www.interculturalstudies.org/faq.html#quote_use (accessed October 2013). Used with permission.

  4. 4.

    Adrienne Rich, “Diving into the Wreck,” Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971–1972 (W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1973).

  5. 5.

    Jane Mayer , “The Experiment,” The New Yorker, July 11, 2005.

  6. 6.

    American Psychological Association, Report of the American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Psychological Ethics and National Security, June 2005.

  7. 7.

    Steven H. Miles, Oath Betrayed: America’s Torture Doctors, 2nd ed. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009).

  8. 8.

    “United States Military Medicine in War on Terror Prisons,” ed. Steven Miles and Leah Marks, University of Minnesota Law School Human Rights Library, 2007. http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/OathBetrayed/index.html

  9. 9.

    Miles, Oath Betrayed, 2009.

  10. 10.

    David H. Hoffman, et al., “Report to the Special Committee of the Board of Directors of the American Psychological Association: Independent Review Relating to APA Ethics Guidelines, National Security Interrogations, and Torture” (Chicago, IL: Sidley Austin LLP, July 2015).

  11. 11.

    Mary Pipher, “Why I’ve Returned My Award to the American Psychological Association—Because It Sanctions Torture,” OpEdNews, August 24, 2007.

  12. 12.

    Dan Aalbers, “We Resign from the APA,” ipetitions, http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/aparesignation/

  13. 13.

    James Risen , “Outside Psychologists Shielded US Torture Program, Report Finds,” The New York Times, July 10, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/11/us/psychologists-shielded-us-torture-program-report-finds.html?_r=0

  14. 14.

    Coalition for an Ethical Psychology, http://ethicalpsychology.org/

  15. 15.

    Stephen Soldz, Nathaniel Raymond, and Steven Reisner, “All the President’s Psychologists: The American Psychological Association’s Secret Complicity with the White House and US Intelligence Community in Support of the CIA’s ‘Enhanced’ Interrogation Program,” https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20150817031854/http://ethicalpsychology.org/materials/All-the-President’s-Psychologists-Key-Findings.pdf

  16. 16.

    James Risen , “American Psychological Association Bolstered CIA Torture Program, Report Says,” The New York Times, April 30, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/us/report-says-american-psychological-association-collaborated-on-torture-justification.html

  17. 17.

    Psychologists for Social Responsibility, http://www.psysr.org/

  18. 18.

    Physicians for Human Rights , http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/

  19. 19.

    Risen , “Outside Psychologists Shielded US Torture Program, Report Finds,” July 10, 2015.

  20. 20.

    James Risen , Pay Any Price: Greed, Power, and Endless War (NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014).

  21. 21.

    “PHR Calls for Federal Probe into American Psychological Association’s Role in CIA Torture Program,” Physicians for Human Rights , October 16, 2014, http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/press/press-releases/phr-calls-for-federal-probe-into-american-psychological-associations-role-in-cia-torture-program.html

  22. 22.

    “Senate Intelligence Committee Study on CIA Detention and Interrogation Program,” United States Senator for California Dianne Feinstein, http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=senate-intelligence-committee-study-on-cia-detention-and-interrogation-program

  23. 23.

    “Feinstein on Alleged Link Between APA, CIA Torture Program,” United States Senator for California Dianne Feinstein, April 30, 2015, http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=c4164060-080f-4f04-915f-a3b4b46091b3

  24. 24.

    “Statement of APA Board of Directors: Outside Counsel to Conduct Independent Review of Allegations of Support for Torture,” American Psychological Association, November 12, 2014, revised November 28, 2014, http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2014/11/risen-allegations.aspx

  25. 25.

    “American Psychological Association to Conduct an Independent Review Into its Role in CIA Torture Program,” Physicians for Human Rights , November 14, 2014, http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/press/press-releases/american-psychological-association-to-conduct-an-independent-review-into-its-role-in-cia-torture-program.html

  26. 26.

    Email to the author from Psychologists for Social Responsibility , http://hosted.verticalresponse.com/442001/0b3f918b43/1493529749/6e6d22ca03/

  27. 27.

    Risen , “Outside Psychologists Shielded US Torture Program, Report Finds,” July 10, 2015.

  28. 28.

    http://www.apatraumadivision.org/hoffman.php

  29. 29.

    Donna McKay, “The Brutal Toll of Psychologists ’ Role in Torture,” Physicians for Human Rights , August 6, 2015, http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/blog/the-brutal-toll-of-psychologists-role-in-torture.html

  30. 30.

    “Key Provisions of the New APA Policy,” American Psychological Association, http://www.apa.org/independent-review/key-provisions-policy.aspx

  31. 31.

    John M. Grohol, “American Psychological Association’s New Torture Policy is Unenforceable,” PsychCentral, August 18, 2015, http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2015/08/18/american-psychological-associations-new-torture-policy-is-unenforceable/

  32. 32.

    James Risen , “Pentagon Wants Psychologists to End Ban on Interrogation Role,” The New York Times, January 24, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/25/us/politics/pentagon-wants-psychologists-to-end-ban-on-interrogation-role.html

  33. 33.

    Kaveh Waddell, “Here’s What CIA Interrogators Are Still Allowed to Do,” National Journal, December 12, 2014, http://www.nationaljournal.com/defense/here-s-what-cia-interrogators-are-still-allowed-to-do-20141212

  34. 34.

    “US: Support Anti-Torture Legislation,” Human Rights Watch, June 16, 2015, https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/06/16/us-support-anti-torture-legislation

  35. 35.

    Ali Watkins, “Obama’s Anti-Torture Team Has One Job—and Nobody Wants Them to Do It,” BuzzFeed, January 20, 2016, http://www.buzzfeed.com/alimwatkins/obamas-anti-torture-team-has-one-job-and-nobody-wants-them-t#.hv9xedKV8

  36. 36.

    Mark Costanzo, Ellen Gerrity, & M. Brinton Lykes, “Psychologists and the Use of Torture in Interrogations,” Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 7, no. 1 (2007): 7–20.

  37. 37.

    Costanzo, Gerrity, & Lykes, Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2007.

  38. 38.

    Mark Costanzo & Ellen Gerrity, “The Effects and Effectiveness of Using Torture as an Interrogation Device: Using Research to Inform the Policy Debate,” Social Issues and Policy Review 3, no. 1, 2009.

  39. 39.

    Costanzo, Gerrity, & Lykes, The Use of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane, or Degrading Treatment as Interrogation Devices, The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2007. http://www.spssi.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.viewpage&pageid=1460

  40. 40.

    National Child Traumatic Stress Network, www.nctsn.org

  41. 41.

    National Consortium of Torture Treatment Programs, http://www.ncttp.org/index.html

  42. 42.

    “Declaration of Principles for a Presidential Executive Order on Prisoner Treatment, Torture, and Cruelty,” cvt.org, https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20150905113837/http://www.cvt.org/sites/cvt.org/files/downloads/CTBT_Declaration_of_Principles.pdf. See also http://www.cvt.org/sites/cvt.org/files/u18/Master%20Endorser%20List.pdf

  43. 43.

    Jane Mayer , “The Real Torture Patriots,” The New York Times, December 13, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/real-torture-patriots

  44. 44.

    Barbara Kingsolver, The Poisonwood Bible (NY: Harper Collins, 1998).

  45. 45.

    Gene Knudsen Hoffman, “I Am Waiting,” Poetry of Peace, edited by David Krieger (Santa Barbara, CA: Capra Press, 2003).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ellen Gerrity .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gerrity, E. (2018). Beyond Institutional Betrayal: When the Professional Is Personal. In: Moore, A., Swanson, E. (eds) Witnessing Torture. Palgrave Studies in Life Writing. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74965-5_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics