Abstract
The contributions describe the final Road Map for the realization of the harmonized framework on Electronic Evidence Treatment and Exchange. It is against a complex background that this “Roadmap” needs to be understood as it takes all challenges, including legal, operational, technical and data protection, forward and proposes ways to take action on a national and on a European level while taking into account various important aspects such as the actors involved. It is important to reiterate that no one action alone will solve the ensemble of challenges as regards the collection, preservation, use and exchange of electronic evidence. The actions need to be taken together for changes to be more effective. The Roadmap is aimed at showing the way forward for creating a Common European Framework for the systematic, aligned and uniform application of new technologies in the collection, preservation, use and exchange of evidence in criminal proceedings.
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Notes
- 1.
EVIDENCE project, Deliverable 9.2—Roadmap.
- 2.
EVIDENCE project, Deliverable 9.2—Roadmap.
- 3.
EVIDENCE D2.1 EVIDENCE semantic structure, pp. 11, 15.
- 4.
EVIDENCE D2.1 EVIDENCE semantic structure, p. 20.
- 5.
Convention on Cybercrime [2001] ETS 185.
- 6.
See EVIDENCE Deliverable 3.1—Overview of existing legal framework in the EU Member States.
- 7.
For more information on the legal status quo see: EVIDENCE Deliverable 3.1—Overview of existing legal framework in the EU Member States and EVIDENCE Deliverable 3.2—Status quo assessment and analysis of primary challenges and shortcomings.
- 8.
For more information on the ‘market’ (actors, obstacles, facilitating factors) see: EVIDENCE Deliverable 7.1—Report on prima facie size of the market; EVIDENCE Deliverable 7.2—Map on obstacles and facilitating factors before validation and EVIDENCE Deliverable 7.3—Workshop Mapping obstacles and facilitating factors after validation.
- 9.
For more information on the law enforcement status quo see: EVIDENCE Deliverable 6.1—Overview of the existing mechanisms and procedures for collection, preservation and exchange of electronic evidence by law enforcement agencies within the European Union and beyond; EVIDENCE Deliverable 6.2—Status quo assessment and analysis of primary challenges and shortcomings and EVIDENCE Deliverable 6.3—Identification of best practices and guidelines to be integrated into a comprehensive European Framework.
- 10.
For more information on the technical status quo see: EVIDENCE Deliverable 4.1—Overview of existing standard for treatment and exchange of electronic evidence; EVIDENCE Deliverable 4.2—Status quo assessment and analysis of primary challenges and shortcomings; EVIDENCE Deliverable 5.1—Technical specification document and guidelines; EVIDENCE Deliverable 5.2—First evidence exchange application prototype; EVIDENCE Deliverable 5.3—Workshop results and final technical specification document and guidelines.
- 11.
Existing guidelines and best practices, such as the ENISA handbook and guide (ENISA, Identification and handling of electronic evidence—Handbook, document for teachers [2013] September 2013; ENISA, Electronic evidence—a basic guide for First Responders Good practice material for CERT first responders [2014]) and Council of Europe Electronic Evidence Guide (Council of Europe Data Protection and Cybercrime Division, Electronic Evidence Guide A basic guide for police officers, prosecutors and judges Version 1.0, Strasbourg France 18 March 2013, available at: http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/cooperation/economiccrime/cybercrime/Documents/Electronic%20Evidence%20Guide/default_en.asp ) may be used as a starting point to further build on. These SOPs should include record keeping and documentation by law enforcement, prosecution and digital forensics of the entire investigation process.
- 12.
ENISA, Identification and handling of electronic evidence—Handbook, document for teachers [2013] September 2013; ENISA, Electronic evidence—a basic guide for First Responders Good practice material for CERT first responders [2014].
- 13.
Council of Europe Data Protection and Cybercrime Division, Electronic Evidence Guide A basic guide for police officers, prosecutors and judges Version 1.0, Strasbourg France 18 March 2013, available via: http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/cooperation/economiccrime/cybercrime/Documents/Electronic%20Evidence%20Guide/default_en.asp.
- 14.
Data markings are an integral component of CASE (see Chap. 4), permitting information to be labeled as private or sensitive, and to be shared or protected appropriately at different levels of trust and classification. UCO provides for data markings that CASE can use to support proper handling of shared information (http://legacydirs.umiacs.umd.edu/~oard/desi7/papers/EC.pdf).
- 15.
Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters [2014] OJ L 130/1.
- 16.
Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on joint investigation teams (2002/465/JHA) [2002] OJ L 162/1.
- 17.
Convention on Cybercrime [2001] ETS 185.
- 18.
European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters [1959] CETS 030; Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters [1978] CETS 099.
- 19.
ENISA, Identification and handling of electronic evidence—Handbook, document for teachers [2013] September 2013; ENISA, Electronic evidence—a basic guide for First Responders Good practice material for CERT first responders [2014].
- 20.
Council of Europe Data Protection and Cybercrime Division, Electronic Evidence Guide A basic guide for police officers, prosecutors and judges Version 1.0, Strasbourg France 18 March 2013, available via: http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/cooperation/economiccrime/cybercrime/Documents/Electronic%20Evidence%20Guide/default_en.asp>.
- 21.
See chapter Present and future of the exchange of electronic evidence in Europe by M. A. Biasiotti.
- 22.
Inception Impact Assessment (Ares(2017)3896097), available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/initiatives/ares-2017-3896097_en.
References
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Biasiotti, M.A., Cannataci, J.A., Mifsud Bonnici, J.P., Tudorica, M. (2018). The Way Forward: A Roadmap for the European Union. In: Biasiotti, M., Mifsud Bonnici, J., Cannataci, J., Turchi, F. (eds) Handling and Exchanging Electronic Evidence Across Europe. Law, Governance and Technology Series, vol 39. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74872-6_18
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