Skip to main content

Living in a Rural Community and Researching HIV and AIDS: Positionality and Ethics

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Ethics in Critical Research

Abstract

The emotional impact of researching sensitive topics is under-reported. This chapter explores researcher positionality in a study of people’s management of risk in sexual activity where there is a high prevalence of HIV infection. Living in a rural community raised insider/outsider issues as the researchers participated in broader social life, adding relational and emotional dimensions to the process. Exploring the sensitive topic of HIV and AIDS in a resource-constrained context led to blurred boundaries as researchers also became confidante, counsellor or development worker. They were challenged by the emotional intensity of the research and related responsibilities, illustrating the need for enhanced ethical awareness that could not be pre-determined and highlighting the need for ongoing risk assessment for both participants and researchers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, K. G., Beutel, A. M., & Maughan-Brown, B. (2007). HIV risk perceptions and first sexual intercourse among youth in Cape Town, South Africa. International Family Planning Perspectives, 33(3), 98–105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cloete, A., Strebel, A., Simbayi, L., van Wyk, B., Henda, N., & Nqeketa, A. (2010). Challenges faced by people living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa: Issues for group risk reduction interventions. AIDS Research and Treatment, 420270. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/420270

  • Ellen, R. F. (1984). Ethnographic research: A guide to general conduct. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emanuel, E. J., Wendler, D., & Grady, C. (2008). An ethical framework for biomedical research. In E. J. Emanuel, C. Grady, R. A. Crouch, R. K. Lie, F. G. Miller, & D. Wendler (Eds.), The oxford textbook of clinical research ethics (pp. 123–135). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fine, G. A. (1993). Ten lies of ethnography: Moral dilemmas of field research. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 22, 267–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, J. (2007). Ethical components of researcher-researched relationships in qualitative interviewing. Qualitative Health Research, 17(8), 1149–1159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jama, N. (2016). Naming and labelling HIV and AIDS in a rural setting in the Eastern Cape. Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jewkes, R., & Morrell, R. (2012). Sexuality and the limits of agency among South African teenage women: Theorising femininities and their connections to HIV risk practices. Social Science & Medicine, 74(11), 1729–1737.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kidd, J., & Finlayson, M. (2006). Navigating uncharted water: research ethics and emotional engagement in human inquiry. Journal of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 13(4), 23–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malacrida, C. (2007). Reflexive journaling on emotional research topics: Ethical issues for team researchers. Qualitative Health Research, 17(10), 1329–1339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molyneux, C., Goudge, J., Russell, S., Chuma, J., Gumede, T., & Gilson, L. (2009). Conducting health related social science research in low income settings: Ethical dilemmas faced in Kenya and South Africa. Journal of International Development, 21, 309–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosavel, M., Ahmed, R., Daniels, D., & Simon, C. (2011). Community researchers conducting health disparities research: Ethical and other insights from fieldwork journaling. Social Science & Medicine, 73(1), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.04.029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mqedlana, N. (2016). Dealing with a positive HIV diagnosis: A qualitative study exploring the lives of five people living with HIV in a rural Eastern Cape setting. Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyambedha, E. O. (2008). Ethical dilemmas of social science research on AIDS and orphanhood in Western Kenya. Social Science and Medicine, 67, 771–779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rager, K. B. (2005). Compassion stress and the qualitative researcher. Qualitative Health Research, 5(3), 423–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Råheim, M., Magnussen, L. H., Sekse, R. J. T., Lunde, A., Jacobsen, T., & Blystad, A. (2016). Researcher-researched relationship in qualitative research: Shifts in positions and researcher vulnerability. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Health and Well-being. https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v11.30996

  • Shisana, O., Rehle, T., Simbayi, L. C., Zuma, K., Jooste, S., Zungu, N., et al. (2014). South African national HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey, 2012. Cape Town: HSRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, D., & Mfecane, S. (2004). Stigma, discrimination and the implications for people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 1(3), 157–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spradley, J. C. (1980). Participant observation. New York: Holt, Reinhart & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • StatsSA. (2011). Census 2011 statistical release. Retrieved December 13, 2016, from http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P03014/P030142011.pdf

  • Wassenaar, D., & Mamotte, N. (2012). Ethical issues and ethics review in social science research. In A. Ferrero, Y. Korkut, M. M. Leach, G. Lindsay, & M. J. Stevens (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of international psychological ethics (pp. 268–282). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We appreciate the commitment of the community members, without whom this work would not have been possible. We are grateful for the support of funding by the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Thuthuka mechanism which enabled many of the costs of this research to be covered.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jacqueline Akhurst .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Akhurst, J., van der Riet, M., Sofika, D. (2018). Living in a Rural Community and Researching HIV and AIDS: Positionality and Ethics. In: Macleod, C., Marx, J., Mnyaka, P., Treharne, G. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Ethics in Critical Research. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74721-7_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics