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ER Stress, Human Health and Role of Ca2+-Binding Chaperones

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Regulation of Heat Shock Protein Responses

Part of the book series: Heat Shock Proteins ((HESP,volume 13))

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Abstract

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a dynamic and versatile organelle involved in many critical functions of the cell. It is the major Ca2+ storehouse of the cell and the intra luminal [Ca2+] influences several cellular processes including synthesis of protein, lipids and sterols. Therefore, the concentration of Ca2+ is tightly controlled and buffered by several Ca2+-binding proteins in the ER. Several physiological and pathological disturbances can also perturb ER homeostasis, leading to the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, a condition termed as ER stress. The ER responds well to the stress by activating a series of signaling cascades known as unfolded protein response (UPR) in order to rescue ER functions. The adaptive response of the UPR pathway activates the transcription of several genes including molecular chaperones which aid in the folding of misfolded proteins. In addition to Ca2+-binding (that regulates their function), these ER-resident calcium binding proteins play a major role in folding, post translational processing and quality control of other nascent polypeptide chains and hence can be classified as calcium-binding chaperones (CaBC). The role of CaBC in the UPR pathway is quite indispensable and will be discussed in this chapter.

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Acknowledgements

The work of the authors presented herein was funded by DST, ICMR, CSIR and DBT. The authors also gratefully thank IIT Madras for the facility and financial support.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India

    Sasirekha Narayanasamy & Gopala Krishna Aradhyam

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  1. Sasirekha Narayanasamy
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  2. Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
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Correspondence to Gopala Krishna Aradhyam .

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  1. Department of Medicine and Precision Therapeutics Proteogenomics Diagnostic Center, Eleanor N. Dana Cancer Center, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA

    Alexzander A A Asea

  2. Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Punit Kaur

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Narayanasamy, S., Aradhyam, G.K. (2018). ER Stress, Human Health and Role of Ca2+-Binding Chaperones. In: Asea, A., Kaur, P. (eds) Regulation of Heat Shock Protein Responses. Heat Shock Proteins, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74715-6_9

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