Abstract
Electronically non-adiabatic effects play an important role in many chemical reactions and light induced processes. Non-adiabatic effects are important, when there is an electronic degeneracy for certain nuclear geometries leading to a conical intersection between two adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer electronic states. The geometric phase effect arises from the sign change of the adiabatic electronic wave function as it encircles the conical intersection between two electronic states (e.g., a ground state and an excited electronic state). This sign change requires a corresponding sign change on the nuclear motion wave function to keep the overall wave function single-valued. Its effect on bimolecular chemical reaction dynamics remains a topic of active experimental and theoretical interrogations. However, most prior studies have focused on high collision energies where many angular momentum partial waves contribute and the effect vanishes under partial wave summation. Here, we examine the geometric phase effect in cold and ultracold collisions where a single partial wave, usually the s-wave, dominates. It is shown that unique properties of ultracold collisions, including isotropic scattering and an effective quantization of the scattering phase shift, lead to large geometric phase effects in state-to-state reaction rate coefficients. Illustrative results are presented for the hydrogen exchange reaction in the fundamental H+H\(_2\) system and its isotopic counterparts.
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Acknowledgements
N. B. acknowledges support from the Army Research Office, MURI grant No. W911NF-12-1-0476 and the National Science Foundation, grant No. PHY-1505557. B. K. K. acknowledges that part of this work was done under the auspices of the US Department of Energy under Project No. 20140309ER of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
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Balakrishnan, N., Kendrick, B.K. (2018). Geometric Phase and Interference Effects in Ultracold Chemical Reactions. In: Wang, Y., Thachuk, M., Krems, R., Maruani, J. (eds) Concepts, Methods and Applications of Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics. Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, vol 31. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74582-4_15
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