Abstract
The vast majority of ships trafficking the oceans are fuelled by residual oil with sulphur high content, which produces sulphur oxides (SOx) when combusted. Additionally, the high pressures and temperatures in modern diesel engines also produce nitrogen oxides (NOx). These emissions are both a hazard to health and the local environment, and regulations enforced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are driving the maritime sector towards the use of either distillate fuels containing less sulphur, or the use of exhaust gas cleaning devices. Two common techniques for removing SOx and limiting NOx are the open loop wet scrubber and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). A scrubber and EGR installation reduces the overall efficiency of the system as it needs significant pumping power, which means that the exhaust gases are cleaner but at the expense of higher CO2 emissions. In this paper we propose a method to integrate an exhaust gas cleaning device for both NOx and SOx with an organic Rankine cycle for Waste Heat Recovery (WHR), thereby enhancing the system efficiency. We investigate three ORC configurations, integrated with the energy flows from both an existing state-of-the-art EGR system and an additional open loop wet scrubber.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ABS. (2013). Exhaust gas scrubber systems advisory. Available at: http://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/publications/2013/Scrubber_Advisory.pdf.
Ahlgren, F., Mondejar, M. E., Genrup, M., & Thern, M. (2015). Waste heat recovery in a cruise vessel in the Baltic Sea by using an organic Rankine cycle: A case study. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 138(1), 11702. Available at: http://gasturbinespower.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1115/1.4031145.
European Environment Agency. (2013). The impact of international shipping on European air quality and climate forcing. Copenhagen. Available at: http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1248012. Accessed October 12, 2014.
Georgopoulou, C. A., Dimopoulos, G. G., & Kakalis, N. M. (2015). Modelling and simulation of a marine propulsion power plant with seawater desulphurisation scrubber. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 230(2), 341–353. Available at: http://pim.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/1475090215571377.
IMO. (2010). RESOLUTION MEPC.176(58) (Revised MARPOL Annex VI), 176(July), pp. 1–45.
International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2014). Resolution MEPC.251(66) amendments to the annex of the protocol of 1997 to amend the international convention for the prevention of pollution from SHIPS, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating thereto.
International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2015). Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) – Regulation 13.
Jiang, L., Kronbak, J., & Christensen, L. P. (2014). The costs and benefits of sulphur reduction measures: Sulphur scrubbers versus marine gas oil. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 28, 19–27. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1361920913001491. Accessed November 10, 2014.
Kalli, J., Karvonen, T., & Makkonen, T. (2009). Sulphur content in ships bunker fuel in 2015. A study on the impacts of the new IMO. Helsinki.
Larsen, U., Wronski, J., Andreasen, J. G., Baldi, F., & Pierobon, L. (2016). Expansion of organic Rankine cycle working fluid in a cylinder of a lowspeed two-stroke ship engine. Energy, 119, 1212–1220.
Lecompte, S., Huisseune, H., van den Broek, M., Vanslambrouck, B., & De Paepe, M. (2015). Review of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) architectures for waste heat recovery. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 47, 448–461. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032115002427.
Lemmon, E. W., Huber, M. L., & McLinden, M. O. (2010). NIST standard reference database 23. NIST reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties—REFPROP, 9.1.
Lindstad, H. E., & Eskeland, G. S. (2016). Environmental regulations in shipping: Policies leaning towards globalization of scrubbers deserve scrutiny. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 47, 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.05.004.
MAN Diesel & Turbo. (2012). Tier III two-stroke technology (p. 36).
MAN Diesel & Turbo. (2016a). G50ME-C9.5 project guide.
MAN Diesel & Turbo. (2016b). Two-stroke service experience.
MAN Diesel & Turbo. (2017). CEAS engine data report 6G50ME-C9.5 with EGR.
Mondejar, M. E., & Thern, M. (2014). A new IPSEpro® library for the simulation of binary mixtures of real fluids in power cycle analysis. Journal of Postdoctoral Research, 2(3), 1–6.
Mondejar, M. E., Ahlgren, F., Thern, M., & Genrup, M. (2016). Quasi-steady state simulation of an organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery in a passenger vessel. Applied Energy, 119, 1212–1220. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030626191630335X.
Nielsen, R. F., Haglind, F., & Larsen, U. (2014). Design and modeling of an advanced marine machinery system including waste heat recovery and removal of sulphur oxides. Energy Conversion and Management, 85, 687–693. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196890414002301. Accessed August 26, 2014.
Ölçer, A., & Ballini, F. (2015). The development of a decision making framework for evaluating the trade-off solutions of cleaner seaborne transportation. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 37, 150–170. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1361920915000553.
Panasiuk, I., & Turkina, L. (2015). The evaluation of investments efficiency of SOx scrubber installation. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 40, 87–96. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1361920915001091.
SimTech GmbH. IPSEpro 6.0 U, Release 12, Build 1376. Available at: www.simtechnology.com.
Suárez de la Fuente, S., & Greig, A. (2015). Making shipping greener: Comparative study between organic fluids and water for Rankine cycle waste heat recovery. Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 14(2), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2015.1077601.
Sweco. (2012). Consequences of the sulphur directive. Stockholm. Available at: http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Consequences+of+the+Sulphur+Directive#1. Accessed November 27, 2014.
Wang, E., Yu, Z., Zhang, H., & Yang, F. (2017). A regenerative supercritical-subcritical dual-loop organic Rankine cycle system for energy recovery from the waste heat of internal combustion engines. Applied Energy, 190, 574–590. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306261916319055.
Yang, M.-H. (2016). Optimizations of the waste heat recovery system for a large marine diesel engine based on transcritical Rankine cycle. Energy, 113(August), 1109–1124. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544216310854.
Yang, M.-H., & Yeh, R.-H. (2015). Thermodynamic and economic performances optimization of an organic Rankine cycle system utilizing exhaust gas of a large marine diesel engine. Applied Energy, 149, 1–12. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306261915003852.
Yang, M.-H., & Yeh, R.-H. (2016). Economic performances optimization of an organic Rankine cycle system with lower global warming potential working fluids in geothermal application. Renewable Energy, 85, 1201–1213. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960148115301622.
Zhou, N., Wang, X., Chen, Z., & Wang, Z. (2013). Experimental study on organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery from low-temperature flue gas. Energy, 55, 216–225. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544213002429. Accessed August 20, 2014.
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge MAN Diesel & Turbo for providing us with engine data. Acknowledgments also go to the Swedish Maritime Administration and Lund University for funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ahlgren, F., Thern, M., Genrup, M., Mondejar, M.E. (2018). Energy Integration of Organic Rankine Cycle, Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Scrubber. In: Ölçer, A., Kitada, M., Dalaklis, D., Ballini, F. (eds) Trends and Challenges in Maritime Energy Management. WMU Studies in Maritime Affairs, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74576-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74576-3_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74575-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-74576-3
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)