Abstract
Recently, as the urbanization index of the Korean islands has increased due to the construction of the bridge, it has become a different situation from the island environment. These situations are very diverse, including but not limited to the frequent occurrences of the livestock, and human life accidents due to the increase of the motor vehicles, the increase of the thefts of agricultural and fisheries products, environmental damages (including the landscape damages) due to the development of the lodges, the increase of side effects due to the attraction of the tourists who exceed the environmental accommodation capability of the island (the insufficiency of water and the increase of the wastes and contaminating substances), the inflow of the exotic plans by the motor vehicles, etc. The thing that is more important than anything else is that the human relationships between the island residents have been breaking and the community consciousness has been disappearing. Also, with the exchanges getting more frequent between the people living on the land and tourists, the cultural homogeneity of the island and the land and the uniformity of the island culture have been proceeded with. Although it can be said that the land-connecting bridge project is a long-cherished desired project of the island residents, the political background cannot be ignored as well, including the creation of the profits through the virtuous mind policies of the local government and the large-scale civil engineering projects and others of similar nature.
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Notes
- 1.
Article 2. The scope of an island. (1) In Article 2 of The Island Development Promotion Act (hereafter, to be called ‘the law’), ‘The Island of the sea’ refers to the area of which the 4 sides are surrounded by the sea at full tide. <Amended on December 27, 1997 and on November 17, 2008>.
- 2.
The purpose of the Ritou Promotion Act: the preservations of the territories of Japan and the exclusive economic zones (EEZs), the uses of the marine resources, the preservation of the natural environment, the maintenances of the industrial bases, the improvement of life environment and regional economy. In order to seek for the promotion that has brought alive the special, geographical characteristics or the special, natural characteristics of Ritou, the original ideas of the region are brought alive. The countermeasures regarding the improvement of the basic conditions, the promotion of the industry, etc., are formulated. The businesses based on such conditions are carried out speedily and powerfully. And, by conceiving a special measure for the promotion of Ritou, the independent development of Ritou will be promoted, and the life stability of the island residents and the improvement of the welfare shall be sought after. And, furthermore, the contributions shall be made to the development of the citizens’ economy and the promotion of the citizens’ profits. (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%B3%B6%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E6%B3%95)
- 3.
Ritou: In Japan, which is an island country, the Japanese have been expressing the ‘islands’ as ‘Ritou’ as a general term. In the case of the habited islands, they have been using the term ‘inhabited island.’ And in the case of the uninhabited islands, they have been using the term ‘uninhabited island.’ This is similar to the term ‘island’ of Korea, which generally manages the islands by distinguishing them into the inhabited islands and the uninhabited islands.
- 4.
National Social Security Japan Population Research Institute (http://www.ipss.go.jp/syoushika/tohkei/Mainmenu.asp)
- 5.
Excerpted from the Island Encyclopedia (from Hong 2008)
- 6.
Pivotal urban axis: The axes of the marine cities that link the large-sized industrial cities of the Pacific Coasts, including Tokyo and Yokohama, and the industrial cities in the Seto Inland Sea, including Osaka, Kobe, and Kitakyushu have been called the pivotal urban axes.
- 7.
The specially decided Ritou: The island that needs the expedition of the preservations and the uses of the exclusive, economic zones (EEZs) in the surroundings was designated as the specially decided Ritou by considering the geographical conditions, the social situation, the situation of the maintenance of the facilities, etc. In the specially decided Ritou, the port facilities that are needed for the projects and the work of the country can be constructed and managed by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism. And the certain waters in the surroundings of the concerned facilities can be occupied (http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/H22/H22HO041.html).
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Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Professor Nobukazu Nakagoshi for developing philosophy of landscape ecology and its extension to islandscape. I also express my sincere thanks to all colleagues from Hiroshima University, Japan and Mokpo National University , Korea for their comments and discussion about landscape research. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (NRF-2009-361-A00007).
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Hong, SK. (2017). Bridge and Islandscape: Questions for Sustainability and Resilience of Island Societies in Korea and Japan. In: Hong, SK., Nakagoshi, N. (eds) Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Society. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74328-8_22
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