Skip to main content

Conceptual, Theoretical, Disciplinary, and Discursive Foundations: A Multidimensional Framework

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Smart Sustainable Cities of the Future

Part of the book series: The Urban Book Series ((UBS))

Abstract

In the subject of smart sustainable cities, the underlying theories are a foundation for practice. Moreover, scholarly research in the field of smart sustainable cities operates out of the understanding that advances in the underlying knowledge necessitate pursuing multifaceted questions that can only be resolved from the vantage point of interdisciplinarity or transdisciplinarity. Indeed, research problems in this field are inherently too complex to be addressed by single disciplines. In addition, since the area of smart sustainable cities is not a specific direction of research, it does not have a unitary framework in terms of a uniform set of concepts and theories. Indeed, it represents multiple, diverse research directions and thus various inquiry approaches, including theoretical, applied theoretical, exploratory, empirical, and futuristic. These may be analytically quite diverse. The approach to this scholarly endeavor is of an applied theoretical kind, and its aim is to investigate and analyze how to assess, advance, and sustain the contribution of sustainable urban forms to the goals of sustainable development with support of ICT of pervasive computing under what is labeled “smart sustainable cities of the future.” This involves the application of a set of integrative foundational elements drawn from urban planning, urban design, sustainability, sustainable development, sustainability science, data science, computer science, complexity science, and ICT. Accordingly, it is deemed of high significance to devise a multidimensional framework consisting of relevant concepts, theories, and academic disciplines and discourses that underpin the development of smart sustainable cities as a set of future practices. This framework in turn emphasizes the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary nature and orientation of the topic of smart sustainable cities and thus the relevance of pursuing an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach into studying this topic. Therefore, this chapter endeavors to systematize the very complex and dense scientific area of smart sustainable cities in terms of identifying, distilling, and structuring the core dimensions of a foundational framework for smart sustainable city development as a set of future practices. In doing so, it focuses on a number of fundamental concepts and theories along with academic disciplines and discourses, with the aim of setting a framework that analytically relates city development, sustainability, and ICT, while emphasizing how and to what extent sustainability and ICT have particularly become influential in city development in modern society. This chapter provides an important lens through which to understand a set of influential theories and established academic disciplines and discourses with high integration, fusion, and applicability potential in relation to the practice of smart sustainable city development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • ACM SIGCHI (2009) Curricula for Human–Computer Interaction. Viewed 20 Dec 2009. http://old.sigchi.org/cdg/cdg2.html#2_1

  • Aguilera G, Galan JL, Campos JC, Rodríguez P (2013) An accelerated-time simulation for traffic flow in a smart city. FEMTEC 2013:26

    Google Scholar 

  • Angelidou M, Artemis P, Nicos K, Christina K, Tsarchopoulos P, Anastasia P (2017) Enhancing sustainable urban development through smart city applications. J Sci Technol Policy Manag, pp 1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahvenniemi H, Huovila A, Pinto-Seppä I, Airaksinen M (2017) What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities? Cities 60:234–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Nuaimi E, Al Neyadi H, Nader M, Al-Jaroodi J (2015) Applications of big data to smart cities. J Internet Serv Appl 6(25):1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Alberti M (2000) Urban form and ecosystem dynamics: empirical evidence and practical implications’. In: Williams K, Burton E, Jenks M (eds) Achieving sustainable urban form. E & FN Spon, London, pp 84–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Albino V, Berardi U, Dangelico R (2015) Smart cities: definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. J Urban Technol 22(1):3–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Nasrawi S, Adams C, El-Zaart A (2015) A conceptual multidimensional model for assessing smart sustainable cities. J Inf Syst Technol Manag 12(3):541–558

    Google Scholar 

  • Angelidou M (2014) Smart city policies: a spatial approach. Cities 41(S1):S3–S11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angelidou M (2015) Smart cities: a conjuncture of four forces. Cities 47:95–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anthopoulos L (2017) Understanding smart cities—a tool for smart government or an industrial trick? In: Public Administration and Information Technology, vol 22. Springer Science+Business Media, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Aseem I (2013) Designing urban transformation. Routledge, New York, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Arkian HR, Diyanat A, Pourkhalili A (2017) MIST: fog-based data analytics scheme with cost-efficient resource provisioning for IoT crowdsensing applications. J Netw Comput Appl 82:152–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Audirac I, Shermyen AH (1994) An evaluation of neotraditional design’s social prescription: postmodern placebo or remedy suburban malaise. J Plan Educ Res 13:161–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batty M, Axhausen KW, Giannotti F, Pozdnoukhov A, Bazzani A, Wachowicz M, Ouzounis G, Portugali Y (2012) Smart cities of the future. Eur Phys J 214:481–518

    Google Scholar 

  • Beatley T (2000) Green urbanism: learning from European cities. Island Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Beer A, Delshammar T, Schildwacht P (2003) A changing understanding of the role of greenspace in high density housing: a European perspective. Built Environ 29(2):132–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belanche D, Casaló L, Orús C (2016) City attachment and use of urban services: benefits for smart cities. Cities 50:75–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell D (1974) The coming of post-industrial society. Harper Colophon Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Benham-Hutchins M, Clancy T (2010) Social networks as embedded complex adaptive systems. JONA 40(9):352–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkhout F, Smith A, Stirling A (2003) Socio-technological regimes and transition contexts. SPRU electronic working paper series 106

    Google Scholar 

  • Bettencourt LMA (2014) The uses of big data in cities Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri SE (2013) ICT for sustainable urban development in the European Information Society: a discursive investigation of energy efficiency technology. Master thesis, School of Culture and Society, Malmö University

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri SE (2015a) The human face of ambient intelligence, cognitive, emotional, affective, behavioral and conversational aspects. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri SE (2015b) The shaping of ambient intelligence and the internet of things: historico-epistemic, socio-cultural, politico-institutional and eco-environmental dimensions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bibri SE, Krogstie J (2016a) On the social shaping dimensions of smart sustainable cities: a study in science, technology, and society. Sustain Cities Soc 29:219–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bibri SE, Krogstie J (2016b) Big data analytics and context-aware computing for smart sustainable cities of the future. NOBIDS Symp 1818:4–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibri SE, Krogstie J (2017a) Smart sustainable cities of the future: an extensive interdisciplinary literature review. Sustain Cities Soc 31:183–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bibri SE, Krogstie J (2017b) ICT of the new wave of computing for sustainable urban forms: their big data and context-aware augmented typologies and design concepts. Sustain Cities Soc 32:449–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bibri SE, Krogstie J (2017c) The core enabling technologies of big data analytics and context-aware computing for smart sustainable cities: a review and synthesis. J Big Big Data 4(38):1–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Bifulco F, Tregua M, Amitrano CC, D’Auria A (2016) ICT and sustainability in smart cities management. Int J Pub Sec Manag 29(2):132–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Bijker WE, Hughes T, Pinch T (eds) (1987) The social construction of technological systems. New directions in the sociology and history of technology. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bin S, Yuan L, Xiaoyi W (2010) Research on data mining models for the internet of things. In: Proceedings of the international conference on image analysis and signal processing, 9–11 Apr, Zhejiang, China, pp 127–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Boczkowski PJ (2004) The mutual shaping of technology and society in videotex newspapers: beyond the diffusion and social shaping perspectives. Inf Soc 20:255–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boeing G, Church D, Hubbard H, Mickens J, Rudis L (2014) LEED-ND and livability revisited. Berkeley Plan J 27(1):31–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohl CC (2000) New urbanism and the city: potential applications and implications for distressed inner-city neighborhoods. Hous Policy Debate 11(4):761–801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonomi F, Milito R, Zhu J, Addepalli S (2012) Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. In: Proceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on mobile cloud computing, ACM, pp 13–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Böhlen M, Frei H (2009) Ambient intelligence in the city: overview and new perspectives. In: Nakashima H, Aghajan H, Augusto JC (eds) Handbook of ambient intelligence and smart environments. Springer, New York, NY, pp 911–938

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosse T, Castelfranchi C, Neerincx M, Sadri F, Treur J (2007) First international workshop on human aspects in ambient intelligence. In: Workshop at the European conference on ambient intelligence, 10 November, Darmstadt, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Bossel H (2004) Systeme, dynamik, simulation: Modellbildung, analyse und simulation komplexer systeme. Books on Demand, Norderstedt

    Google Scholar 

  • Bravo J, Alaman X, Riesgo T (2006) Ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence: new challenges for computing. J Univ Comput Sci 12(3):233–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Breheny M (ed) (1992) Sustainable development and urban form. Pion, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Brogi A, Forti S (2017) QoS-aware deployment of IoT applications through the fog. IEEE Internet Things J (99):1–1

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown HS (2012) Sustainability science needs to include sustainable consumption. Environ Sci Policy Sustain Dev 54(1):20–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bulkeley H, Betsill M (2005) Rethinking sustainable cities: multilevel governance and the “urban” politics of climate change. Environ Politics 14(1):42–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burr V (1995) An introduction to social constructivism. Sage, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Burton E (2000) The compact city: just or just compact? A preliminary analysis. Urban Stud 37(11):1969–2001

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton E (2002) Measuring urban compactness in UK towns and cities. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29:219–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell S (1996) Green cities, growing cities, just cities? Urban planning and the contradictions of sustainable development. J Am Plan Assoc 62(3):296–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caragliu A, Del Bo C, Nijkamp P (2009) ‘Smart cities in Europe’ (series research memoranda 0048). VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Carl P (2000) Urban density and block metabolism. In: Koen S, Yannas S (eds) Architecture, city, environment, proceedings of PLEA 2000. James & James, London, pp 343–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Cervero R (1998) The transit metropolis: a global inquiry. Island Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Cervero R (2003) Coping with complexity in America’s urban transport sector. In: Paper presented at the 2nd international conference on the future of urban transport, Göteborg, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Kotz D (2000) A survey of context-aware mobile computing research (Paper TR2000-381). Department of Computer Science, Darthmouth College, Hanover

    Google Scholar 

  • Chourabi H, Nam T, Walker S, Gil-Garcia JR, Mellouli S, Nahon K, Pardo TA, Scholl HJ (2012) Understanding smart cities: an integrative framework. In: The 245th Hawaii international conference on system science (HICSS), HI, Maui, pp 2289–2297

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark WC (2007) Sustainability science: a room of its own. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104:1737–1738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark WC, Dickson NM (2003) Sustainability science: the emerging research program. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(14):8059–8061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke SE (2006) Globalisation and the study of local politics: is the study of local politics meaningful in a global age? In: Baldersheim H, Wollmann H (eds) The comparative study of local government and politics: overview and synthesis. Barbara Budrich Publishers, Leverkusen-Opladen, pp 33–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Clercq F, Bertolini L (2003) Achieving sustainable accessibility: an evaluation of policy measures in the Amsterdam area. Built Environ 29(1):36–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Commission of European Communities (1990) Green paper on the urban environment. Eur 12902. Brussels, EEC

    Google Scholar 

  • Committee on the Fundamentals of Computer Science (CFCS): Challenges and Opportunities, National Research Council (2004) Computer science: Reflections on the field, reflections from the field. National Academies Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulouris G, Dollimore J, Kindberg T, Blair G (2011) Distributed systems: concepts and design, 5th edn. Addison-Wesley, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe (1993) The European urban charter—standing conference of local and regional authorities of Europe. http://www.coe.int/T/E/Clrae/

  • Crang M, Graham S (2007) Sentient cities: ambient intelligence and the politics of urban space. Inf Commun Soc 10(6):789–817

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Criel J, Claeys L (2008) A transdisciplinary study design on context-aware applications and environments. A critical view on user participation within calm computing. Observatorio (OBS*) J 5:057–077

    Google Scholar 

  • Dameri R, Cocchia A (2013) Smart city and digital city: Twenty years of terminology evolution. In: X Conference of the Italian chapter of AIS, ITAIS 2013, Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Milan (Italy), p 18

    Google Scholar 

  • Dantzing GB, Saaty TL (1973) Compact city: A plan for a livable urban environment. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta P (2007) The idea of sustainable development. Sustain Sci 2(1):5–11

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vries BJM (2013) Sustainability science. Cambridge University Press, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey N (2010) Revisiting the compact city? Built Environ 36(1):5–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey N, Jenks M (2010) The future of the compact city. Built Environ 36(1):116–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Denning PJ (2000) Computer science: the discipline. In: Encyclopedia of Computer Science

    Google Scholar 

  • Denning PJ, Comer DE, Gries D, Mulder MC, Tucker A, Turner AJ, Young PR (1989) Computing as a discipline. Commun ACM 32(1):9–23

    Google Scholar 

  • DeRen L, JianJun C, Yuan Y (2015) Big data in smart cities. Sci China Inf Sci 58:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Dey AK (2000) Providing architectural support for building context-aware applications. PhD thesis, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  • Dey AK (2001) Understanding and using context. Pers Ubiquit Comput 5(1):4–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dumreicher H, Levine RS, Yanarella EJ (2000) The appropriate scale for “low energy”: theory and practice at the Westbahnhof. In: Steemers K, Simos Y (eds) Architecture, city, environment, Proceedings of PLEA 2000. James & James, London, pp 359–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan B, Hartman J (1996) Sustainable urban transportation initiatives in Canada. In: Paper submitted to the APEC Forum on urban transportation, 20–22 Nov, Seoul, South Korea

    Google Scholar 

  • Durack R (2001) Village vices: the contradiction of new urbanism and sustainability. Places 14(2):64–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Eden AH (2007) Three paradigms of computer science. Minds Mach 17(2):135–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Egger S (2006) Determining a sustainable city model. Environ Model Softw 2(1):1235–1246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elkin T, Duncan M, Mayer H (1991) Reviving the city: towards sustainable urban development. Friends of the Earth, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmasri R, Navathe SB (2000) Fundamentals of database systems

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2012) Big data at your service. Viewed 12 July 2016. http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/big-data-your-service

  • European Environmental Agency (EEA) (2015) Urban sustainability issues—resource-efficient cities: good practice. Technical Report No 24/2015. European Environmental Agency, Luxembourg

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewing R (1995) Best development practices. Florida Atlantic University International University, Joint Center for Environmental and Urban Problems, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairclough N (2005) Critical discourse analysis. Marges Linguist 9:76–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan W, Bifet A (2013) Mining big data: current status, and forecast to the future. ACM SIGKDD Explor Newslett 14(2):1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher K (1997) Locating frames in the discursive universe. Sociol Res Online 2(3):U40–U62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foster J (2001) Education as sustainability. Environ Educ Res 7(2):153–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foucault M (1972) The archaeology of knowledge. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault M (1977) Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison. Pantheon Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs C (2005) Sustainability and the information society. ICT&S Center: Advanced Studies and Research in Information and Communication Technologies & Society, University of Salzburg Salzburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabrys J (2014) Programming environments—environmentality and citizen sensing in the smart city. Environ Plan D Soc Space 32:30–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geels FW (2005) Technological transitions and system innovations: a co-evolutionary and socio-technical analysis. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gergen K (1985) The social constructionist movement in modern social psychology. Am Psychol 40(3):266–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GeSI (2008) SMART 2020: enabling the low carbon economy in the information age, Report by the Global eSustainability Initiative, Viewed 02 September 2009. http://www.theclimategroup.org/assets /resources/publications/Smart2020Report.pdf

  • Ghosh S (2007) Distributed systems—an algorithmic approach. Chapman and Hall/CRC

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianni D, D’Ambrogio A, Tolk A (eds) (2014) Modeling and simulation–based systems engineering handbook, 1st edn. CRC Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Giffinger R, Fertner Ch, Kramar H, Kalasek R, Pichler-Milanovic N, Meijers E (2007) Smart cities—ranking of European medium-sized cities. Centre of Regional Science (SRF), Vienna University of Technology. Viewed 2 Feb 2013. http://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf

  • Gilbert OL (1991) The ecology of urban habitats. Chapman & Hall, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Girardet H (2008) Cities, people, planet: urban development and climate change. John Wiley, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon H (2005) Sustainable design goes main stream. In: Brown D, Fox M, Pelletier MR (eds) Sustainable architecture: white papers. Earthpledge, New York, pp 34–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Graedel T (2011) Industrial ecology and the ecocity. National Academy of Engineering

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths M (2008) ICT and CO2 emissions, Parliament Office of Science and Technology Post–note, no 319, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunnarsdóttir K, Arribas-Ayllon M (2012) Ambient intelligence: a narrative in search of users. Lancaster University and SOCSI, Cardiff University, Cesagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagan S (2000) Cities of field: cyberspace and urban space. In: Steemers K, Simos Y (eds) Architecture, city, environment, proceedings of PLEA 2000. James & James, London, pp 348–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Hajer MA (1995) The politics of discourse: ecological modernization and the policy process. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall S (ed) (1997) Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. London The Open University, Sage Publications

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton K, Clemens M (1999) Genuine savings rates in developing countries. World Bank Econ Rev 13(2):333–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handy S (1996) Methodologies for exploring the link between urban form and travel behavior. Transp Res Trans Environ 2(2):151–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handy SL, Boarnet MG, Ewing R, Killingsworth RE (2002) How the built environment affects physical activity: views from urban planning. Am J Prev Med 23(2S):64–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey F (2011) Green vision: the search for the ideal eco-city. Financ Times, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstad H (2012) Compact city development: high ideals and emerging practices. Eur J Spat Plan, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Höjer M, Wangel S (2015) Smart sustainable cities: definition and challenges. In: Hilty L, Aebischer B (eds) ICT innovations for sustainability. Springer, Berlin, pp 333–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollands RG (2008) Will the real smart city please stand up? City Anal Urban Trends Cult Theory Policy Action 12(3):303–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopwoodil B, Mellor M, O’Brein G (2005) Sustainable development: mapping different approaches. Sustain Dev 13(1):38–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain K (1995) Evolving principles of sustainable development and good governance. In: Ginther K, Denters E, Dewaart PJIM (eds) Sustainable development and good governance. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Norwell, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Li G (2010) A semantic analysis for internet of things. In: Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on intelligent computation technology and automation (ICICTA), Changsha, China, pp 336–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyland K (2000) Disciplinary discourses: social interactions in academic writing. Longman, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyland K, Bondi M (eds) (2006) Academic discourse across disciplines. Peter Lang, Frankfort

    Google Scholar 

  • International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (2014) Agreed definition of a smart sustainable city. In: Focus group on smart sustainable cities, SSC-0146 version Geneva, 5–6 Mar

    Google Scholar 

  • ISTAG (2003) Ambient intelligence: from vision to reality (for participation—in society and business. http://www.ideo.co.uk/DTI/CatalIST/istag-ist2003_draft_consolidated_report.pdf. Viewed 23 Oct 2009

  • ISTAG (2006) Shaping Europe’s future through ICT. http://www.cordis.lu/ist/istag.htm. Viewed 22 Mar 2011

  • ISTAG (2008) Working Group on ‘ICT and Sustainability (including Energy and Environment). http://www.cordis.lu/ist/istag.htm. Viewed 20 Mar 2012

  • ISTAG (2012) Towards horizon 2020—Recommendations of ISTAG on FP7 ICT work program 2013. http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/istag/reports_en.html. Viewed 15 Mar 2012

  • Jabareen YR (2006) Sustainable urban forms: their typologies, models, and concepts. J Plan Educ Res 26:38–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs J (1961) The death and life of great American cities. Random House, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs M (1999) Sustainable development as a contested concept. In: Dobson A (ed) Fairness and futurity. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenks M (2000) The acceptability of urban intensification. In: Williams K, Burton E, Jenks M (eds) Achieving sustainable urban form. E & FN Spon, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenks M, Dempsey N (eds) (2005) Future forms and design for sustainable cities. Architectural Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenks M, Burton E, Williams K (1996a) A sustainable future through the compact city? Urban intensification in the United Kingdom. Environ Des 1(1):5–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenks M, Burton E, Williams K (eds) (1996b) The compact city: a sustainable urban form? E&FN Spon Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Jessop R (2004) Critical semiotic analysis and cultural political economy. Crit Discourse Stud 1(2):159–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jessop R (1998) The narrative of enterprise and the enterprise of narrative: place marketing and the entrepreneurial city In: All TH, Hubbard P (eds) The entrepreneurial city: geographies of politics, regime and representation. Chichester, Wiley, pp 77–99

    Google Scholar 

  • John P (2001) Local governance in western Europe. Sage, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan D, Horan T (1997) Intelligent transportation systems and sustainable communities findings of a national study. In: Paper presented at the transportation research board 76th annual meeting, Washington, DC, 12–16 January

    Google Scholar 

  • José R, Rodrigues H, Otero N (2010) Ambient intelligence: beyond the inspiring vision. J Univ Comput Sci 16(12):1480–1499

    Google Scholar 

  • Joss S (2010) Eco-cities—a global survey 2009. WIT Trans Ecol Environ 129:239–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joss S (2011) Eco-cities: the mainstreaming of urban sustainability; key characteristics and driving factors. Int J Sustain Dev Plan 6(3):268–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jöst F (2002) Sustainable development: the roles of science and ethics. In: Faber M, Manstetten R, Proops J (eds) Ecological economics: concepts and methods. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp 75–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Jucevicius R, Patašienė I, Patašius M (2014) Digital dimension of smart city: critical analysis. Proc Social Behav Sci 156:146–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Judge D, Stoker G, Wolman H (1995) Theories of urban politics. Sage, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaisler S, Armour F, Espinosa JA, Money W (2013) Big data: issues and challenges moving forward. In: Proceedings of 46th Hawaii International conference on systems sciences (HICSS). IEEE, Wailea, Maui, pp 995–1004

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalyvas JR, Overly MR, Karlyn MA (2013a) Cloud computing: a practical framework for managing cloud computing risk—Part I. Intell Property Technol Law J 25(3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalyvas JR, Overly MR, Karlyn MA (2013b) Cloud computing: a practical framework for managing cloud computing risk—Part II. Intell Prop Technol Law J 25(4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamberov R (2015) Using social paradigms in smart cities mobile context-aware computing. New University of Lisbon, NOVA IMS

    Google Scholar 

  • Karolides A (2002) Green building approaches. In: Keenan A, Georges D (eds) Green buildings: project planning and cost estimating. RS Means, Kingston, pp 23–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Kärrholm M (2011) The scaling of sustainable urban form: some scale—related problems in the context of a Swedish urban landscape. Eur Plan Stud 19(1):97–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katal A, Wazid M, Goudar R (2013) Big data: issues, challenges, tools and good practices. In: Proceedings of 6th international conference on contemporary computing (IC3), Noida, August 8–10. IEEE, US, pp 404–409

    Google Scholar 

  • Kates R, Clark W, Corell R, Hall J, Jaeger C (2001) Sustainability science. Science (Science) 292(5517):641–642

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan M, Uddin MF, Gupta N (2014) Seven V’s of big data understanding: big data to extract value. In: American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE Zone 1), 2014 zone 1 conference of the IEEE, pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan Z, Anjum A, Soomro K, Tahir MA (2015) Towards cloud based big data analytics for smart future cities. J Cloud Comput Adv Syst Appl 4(2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieffer SW, Barton P, Palmer AR, Reitan PH, Zen E (2003) Megascale events: natural disasters and human behavior. The Geological Society of America abstracts with programs, 432

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchin R (2014) The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. Geo J 79:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama H, Takeuchi K (2006) Sustainability science: building a new discipline. Sustain Sci 1:1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramers A, Höjer M, Lövehagen N, Wangel J (2014) Smart sustainable cities: exploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in cities. Environ Model Softw 56:52–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramers A, Wangel J, Höjer M (2016) Governing the smart sustainable city: the case of the Stockholm Royal Seaport. In: Proceedings of ICT for sustainability 2016, vol 46. Atlantis Press, Amsterdam, pp 99–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiger A (1998) Whose urbanism? Architecture Magazine, November, pp 73–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Kyriazis D, Varvarigou T, Rossi A, White D, Cooper J (2014) Sustainable smart city IoT applications: heat and electricity management and eco-conscious cruise control for public transportation. In: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 14th international symposium and workshops on a world of wireless, mobile and multimedia networks (WoWMoM), Madrid, Spain, pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane ND, Eisenman SB, Musolesi M, Miluzzo E, Campbell AT (2008) Urban sensing systems: opportunistic or participatory? In: HotMobile’08: Proceedings of the 9th workshop on mobile computing systems and applications. ACM, NY, USA, pp 11–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Laney D (2001) 3-D data management: controlling data volume, velocity and variety. META group research note

    Google Scholar 

  • Larice M, MacDonald E (eds) (2007) The urban design reader. Routledge, New York, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence R, Després C (2004) Futures of transdisciplinarity. Futures 36(4):397–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Leccese M, McCormick K (2000) Charter of the new urbanism. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee K (2000) Global sustainable development: its intellectual and historical roots: global sustainable development in the 21st Century. Edinburgh University Press, pp 31–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee SH, Han JH, Leem YT, Yigitcanlar T (2008) Towards ubiquitous city: concept, planning, and experiences in the Republic of Korea. In: Yigitcanlar T, Velibeyoglu K, Baum S (eds) Knowledge-based urban development: planning and applications in the information era. IGI Global, Information Science Reference, Hershey, PA, pp 148–169

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JH, Hancock MG, Hu M-C (2014) Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: lessons from Seoul and San Francisco. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 89:80–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leeds-Hurwitz W (2009) Social construction of reality. In: Littlejohn S, Foss K (eds) Encyclopedia of communication theory. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 892–895

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemke J (1995) Textual politics: discourse and social dynamics. Taylor and Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindblom J, Ziemke T (2002) Social situatedness: vygotsky and beyond. 2nd interantional workshop on epigenetic robotics: modeling cognitive development in robotic systems, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp 71–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombardi P, Giordano S, Caragliu A, Del Bo C, Deakin M, Nijkamp P, Kourtit K (2011) An advanced triple-helix network model for smart cities performance. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Research Memorandum, pp 2011–2045

    Google Scholar 

  • Lozano EE (1990) Community design and the culture of cities: the crossroad and the wall. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu S, Li MR, Tjhi CW, Leen KK, Wang L, Li X, Ma D (2011) A framework for cloud-based large-scale data analytics and visualization: case study on multiscale climate data. In: Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on cloud computing technology and science, Nov 29–Dec. Divani Caravel, Athens, Greece, pp 618–622

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch K (1981) A theory of good city form. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch NA (1996) Distributed algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  • Manzoor A, Patsakis C, Morris A, McCarthy J, Mullarkey G, Pham H, Clarke S, Cahill V, Bouroche M (2014) Citywatch: exploiting sensor data to manage cities better. Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol 25:64–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsal-Llacuna ML, Colomer-Llinàs J, Meléndez-Frigola J (2015) Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the smart cities initiative. Technol Forecast Social Change 90(B):611–622

    Google Scholar 

  • Max-Neef MA (2005) Foundations of transdisciplinarity. Ecol Econ 53(1):5–16

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy J (2007) What is artificial intelligence? Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford

    Google Scholar 

  • McHarg IL (1995) Design with nature. Wiley, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaren D (1992) Compact or dispersed? Dilution is no solution. Built Environ 18:268–284

    Google Scholar 

  • McLuhan M (1964) Understanding media: the extensions of man. McGraw Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Meadows DH, Meadows DL, Randers J (1992) Beyond the limits. Chelsea Green Publishing Company, White River Junction VT

    Google Scholar 

  • Morinière L (2012) Environmentally influenced urbanization: footprints bound for town? vol 49, no 2, pp 435–450

    Google Scholar 

  • Moscovici S (1984) The phenomenon of social representations. In: Farr R, Moscovici S (eds) social representations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 3–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Mumford L (1961) The city in history: its origins, its transformations, and its prospects. Harcourt Brace and World, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Munda G (1997) Environmental economics: ecological economics, and the concept of sustainable development. Environ Values 6:213–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murcott S (1997) Definitions of sustainable development. In: AAAS annual conference, IIASA sustainability indicators symposium

    Google Scholar 

  • Nam T, Pardo TA (2011) Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. In: Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on digital government research

    Google Scholar 

  • Nassauer JI (ed) (1997) Placing nature: culture and landscape ecology. Island Press, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Neirotti P, De Marco A, Cagliano AC, Mangano G, Scorrano F (2014) Current trends in smart city initiatives—some stylized facts. Cities 38:25–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neuman M (2005) The compact city fallacy. J Plan Educ Res 25:11–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman P (1997) Ecological design the city: the ecological and human dimensions of the city can be part of town planning. In: Roseland M (ed) Eco-city dimensions: healthy communities, healthy planet. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada, pp 14–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman P (2000) Urban form and environmental performance. In: Williams K, Burton E, Jenks M (eds) Achieving sustainable urban. E & FN Spon, London, pp 46–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman P, Kenworthy J (1989) Gasoline consumption and cities: a comparison of US cities with a global survey. J Am Plan Assoc 55:23–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Niemela Jari (1999) Ecology and urban planning. Biodivers Conserv 8:119–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Nigel T (2007) Urban planning theory since 1945. Sage, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Numhauser P, Jonathan B-M (2012). Fog Computing introduction to a new cloud evolution. Escrituras silenciadas: paisaje como historiografía. University of Alcala, Spain, pp 111–126. ISBN: 978-84-15595-84-7

    Google Scholar 

  • Orr DW (2004) Earth in mind: on education, environment and the human prospect. Island Press, Washington, Covelo, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostberg PO et al (2017) Reliable capacity provisioning for distributed cloud/edge/fog computing applications. In: 2017 European conference on networks and communications (EuCNC)

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens S (1992) Energy, environmental sustainability and land—use planning. In: Breheny M (ed) Sustainable development and urban form. Pion, London, pp 79–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Padilla J, Diallo SY, Tolk A (2011) Do We Need M&S Science? SCS M&S Magazine (4):161–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Paley J, Gail E (2011) Complexity theory as an approach to explanation in healthcare: a critical discussion. Int J Nurs Stud 48:269–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Paquette S, Jaeger PT, Wilson SC (2010) Identifying the security risks associated with governmental use of cloud computing. Gov Inf Quart 27:245–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker T (1994) The land use—air quality linkage: how land use and transportation affect air quality. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson CJ, Ison RL (1997) Agronomy of grassland systems

    Google Scholar 

  • Perera C, Zaslavsky A, Christen P, Georgakopoulos D (2014) Sensing as a service model for smart cities supported by internet of things. Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol, pp 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterek M (2012) Questions and challenges for urban planning today. Faculty of Architecture Geomatics, Civil Engineering University of Applied Science

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips L, Jørgensen MW (2002) Discourse analysis as theory and method. Sage, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Piro G, Cianci I, Grieco LA, Boggia G, Camarda P (2014) Information centric services in smart cities. J Syst Softw 88:169–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer B, Shewan D (1992) City open spaces and pollution. In: Plummer B, Shewan D (eds) City gardens: an open space survey in the city of London. Belhaven Press, London, pp 111–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Poslad S (2009) Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction. Wiley, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt R, Larkham P (1996) Who will care for compact city? In: Jenks M, Burton E, Williams K (eds) The compact city: a sustainable urban form? E & FN Spon, London, pp 277–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Provost F, Fawcett T (2013) Data science for business. O’Reilly Media Inc, Sebastopol, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapoport E, Vernay AL (2011) Defining the eco-city: a discursive approach. In: Paper presented at the management and innovation for a sustainable built environment conference, international eco-cities initiative, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven R (2005) Strategic niche management for biomass. PhD thesis, Eindhoven, Technical University Eindhoven

    Google Scholar 

  • Redclift M (1987) Sustainable development: exploring the contradictions. Methuen, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Redclift M (2005) Sustainable development (1987–2005): an oxymoron comes of age. Sustain Dev 13(4):212–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Register R (2002) Eco-cities: building cities in balance with nature. Berkeley Hills Books, Berkeley, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Reitan P (2005) Sustainability science—and what’s needed beyond science. Sustain Sci Pract Policy 1(1):77–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson N (1989) Land use and planning and sustainable development in Canada. Canadian Environmental Advisory Council, Ottawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Riva G, Loreti P, Lunghi M, Vatalaro F, Davide F (2003) Presence 2010: the emergence of ambient intelligence. In: Riva G, Davide F, IJsselsteijn WA (eds) Being there: concepts, effects and measurement of user presence in synthetic environments. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 60–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Riva G, Vatalaro F, Davide F, Alcañiz M (2008) Ambient intelligence: the evolution of technology, communication and cognition towards the future of human–computer interaction. IOS Press, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivera MB, Eriksson E, Wangel J (2015) ICT practices in smart sustainable cities—in the intersection of technological solutions and practices of everyday life. In: 29th International conference on informatics for environmental protection (EnviroInfo 2015), third international conference on ICT for sustainability (ICT4S 2015). Atlantis Press, pp 317–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Robin W, Edge D (1996) The Social shaping of technology. Research Policy, vol 25, no 6, pp. 865–899

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson J, Tinker J (1998) Reconciling ecological, economic and social imperatives. In: Jamie Schnurr, Susan Holtz (eds) The cornerstone of development: integrating environmental, social, and economic policies. IDRC International Development Research Center and Lewis Publishers, Ottawa, Canada, pp 9–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Robèrt KH et al (1997) A compass for sustainable development. Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol 4:79–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Roseland M (1997) Dimensions of the eco-city. Cities 14(4):197–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt A (2003) Ubiquitous computing: computing in context. PhD dissertation, Lancaster University

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt A, Beigl M, Gellersen HW (1999) There is more to context than location. Comput Graph UK 23(6):893–901

    Google Scholar 

  • Sev A (2009) How can the construction industry contribute to sustainable development? A conceptual framework. Sustain Dev 17:161–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Shahrokni H, Årman L, Lazarevic D, Nilsson A, Brandt N (2015) Implementing smart urban metabolism in the Stockholm Royal Seaport: smart city SRS. J Ind Ecol 19(5):917–929

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shearer C (2000) The CRISP-DM model: the new blueprint for data mining. J Data Warehous 5(4):13–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard M (ed) (2011) Sentient city: ubiquitous computing, architecture and the future of urban space. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Shin D (2009) Ubiquitous city: urban technologies, urban infrastructure and urban informatics. J Inf Sci 35(5):515–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh J, Singla V (2015) Big data: tools and technologies in big data. Int J Comput Appl (0975–8887) 112(15)

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith A (2003) Transforming technological regimes for sustainable development: a role for alternative technology niches? Sci Public Policy 30(2):127–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solanas A, Pérez-Martínez PA, Martínez-Ballesté A, Patsakis C, Conti M, Vlachos IS, Perrea DN, Ramos V, Falcone F, Postolache O, Di Pietro R (2014) Smart health: a context-aware health paradigm within smart cities. IEEE Commun Mag 52(8), pp 74–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Sølvberg A, Kung CH (1993) Information systems engineering. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Song H, Srinivasan R, Sookoor T, Jeschke S (2017) Smart cities: foundations, principles, and applications. Wiley, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Su K, Li J, Fu H (2011) Smart city and the applications. In: Electronics, communications and control (ICECC), 2011 international conference on IEEE, pp 1028–1031

    Google Scholar 

  • Sum NL (2004) From “integral state” to “integral world economic order”: towards a neo-Gramscian cultural international political economy. CPE working paper

    Google Scholar 

  • Sum NL (2006) Toward a cultural political economy: discourses, material power and (counter)hegemony. EU framework 6, DEMOLOGOS project, workpackage 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanwick C, Dunnett N, Woolley H (2003) Nature, role and value of green space in towns and cities: an overview. Built Environ 29(2):94–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sztompka P (2002) Socjologia, analiza społeczeństwa. Znak, Kraków, Wyd

    Google Scholar 

  • Talen E, Ellis C (2002) Beyond relativism: reclaiming the search for good city form. J Plann Edu Res 22: 36–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor P (1986) Respect for nature: a theory of environmental ethics. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • The Joint Task Force for Computing Curricula (2005) ACM, AIS and IEEE-CS 2005, ‘Computing curricula 2005: the overview report covering undergraduate degree programs in computer engineering, computer science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering’. A volume of the computing curricula series. http://www.acm.org/education/curric_vols/CC2005–March06Final.pdf. Viewed 25 Sept 2010

  • Thomas R (2003) Building design. In: Randall T, Fordham M (eds) Sustainable urban design: an environmental approach. Spon Press, London, pp 46–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorne R, Filmer-Sankey W (2003) Transportation. In: Randall T, Fordham M (eds) Sustainable urban design. Spon Press, London, pp 25–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Thrift N (2014) The ‘sentient’ city and what it may portend. Big Data Soc 1:2053951714532241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toppeta D (2010) The smart city vision: how innovation and ICT can build smart, “livable”, sustainable cities. In: The innovation knowledge foundation. http://www.thinkinnovation.org/file/research/23/en/Toppeta_Report_005_2010.pdf. Viewed 2 Feb 2016

  • Townsend A (2013) Smart cities—big data, civic hackers and the quest for a new utopia. Norton & Company, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Uckelmann D, Harrison M, Michahelles F (2011) Architecting the internet of things. Springer, Berlin, Germany

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich RS (1999) Effects of gardens on health outcomes: theory and research. In: Cooper Marcus C, Barnes M (eds) Healing gardens: therapeutic benefits and design recommendations. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich W (2008) Information, context, and critique: context awareness of the third kind. In: The 31st information systems research seminar in Scandinavia, keynote talk presented to IRIS 31

    Google Scholar 

  • Van U-P, Senior M (2000) The contribution of mixed land uses to sustainable travel in cities. In: Williams K, Burton E, Jenks M (eds) Achieving sustainable urban form. E & FN Spon, London, pp 139–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Assche K, Beunen R, Duineveld M, de Jong H (2013) Co-evolutions of planning and design: risks and benefits of design perspectives in planning systems. Plan Theory 12(2):177–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van den Berg LM, van Winden W (2000) ICT as potential catalyst for sustainable urban development: experiences in Eindhoven, Helsinki, Manchester. European Institute for Comparative Urban Research (EURICUR), Erasmus University, Marseilles, The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Ryn S, Cowan S (1995) Ecological design. Island Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermesan O, Friess P (2013) Internet of Things: converging technologies for smart environments and integrated ecosystems. River Publishers Series In Communications, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Stulpnagel A, Horbert M, Sukopp H (1990) The importance of vegetation for the urban climate. In: Sukopp H, Slavomil H (eds) Urban ecology: plants and plant communities in urban environments. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, the Netherlands, pp 175–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Vongsingthong S, Smanchat S (2014) Internet of things: a review of applications and technologies. Suranaree J Sci Technol 21(4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker L, Rees W (1997) Urban density and ecological footprints—an analysis of Canadian households. In: Roseland M (ed) Eco-city dimensions: healthy communities, healthy planet. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Wall R, Stravlopoulos S (2016) Smart cities within world city networks. Appl Econom Lett

    Google Scholar 

  • Wegner P (1976) Research paradigms in computer science. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on software engineering. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, San Francisco, CA, United States

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiser M (1991) The computer for the 21st century. Sci Am 265(3):94–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiser M (1993) Some computer science issues in ubiquitous computing. Commun ACM 36(7):75–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welbank M (1996) The search for a sustainable urban form. In: Jenks M, Burton E, Williams K (eds) The compact city: a sustainable urban form? E & FN Spon, London, pp 74–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler SM (2002) Constructing sustainable development/safeguarding our common future: rethinking sustainable development. J Am Plan Assoc 68(1):110–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler SM, Beatly T (eds) (2010) The sustainable urban development reader. Routledge, London, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams K (2009) Sustainable cities: research and practice challenges. Int J Urban Sustain Dev 1(1):128–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams K, Burton E, Jenks M (eds) (2000) Achieving sustainable urban form. E & FN Spon, London

    Google Scholar 

  • World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) (1987) Our common future (The Brundtland report). Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaneer B-Y (2002) General features of complex systems. In: Encyclopedia of life support systems. EOLSS UNESCO Publishers, Oxford, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Yannas S (1998) Living with the city: urban design and environmental sustainability. In: Eduardo M, Yannas S (eds) Environmentally friendly cities. James & James, London, pp 41–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeang K (1997) The Skyscraper bioclimatically considered. Academy, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanella A, Bui N, Castellani A, Vangelista L, Zorzi M (2014) Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet Things J 1(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C (2016) Fog and IoT: an overview of research opportunities. IEEE Internet Things J

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Cao T, Tian X, Li S, Yuan L, Jia H, Vasilakos AV (2016) Parallel processing systems for big data: a survey. In: Proceedings of the IEEE, special issue on big data

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Y, Capra L, Wolfson O, Yang H (2014) Urban computing: concepts, methodologies, and applications. ACM Trans Intel Syst Technol 5(3):1–55

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simon Elias Bibri .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bibri, S.E. (2018). Conceptual, Theoretical, Disciplinary, and Discursive Foundations: A Multidimensional Framework. In: Smart Sustainable Cities of the Future. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73981-6_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics