Abstract
The following chapter will outline many of the common “promising practices” or somatic (bottom-up) therapies for MST-related PTSD. Research for these therapies will be reviewed, as well as limitations to each modality. Under-researched populations will also be discussed.
What most people do not realize is that trauma is not the story of something awful that happened in the past, but the residue of imprints left behind in people’s sensory and hormonal systems. Traumatized people often are terrified of the sensations in their own bodies.
(Van der Kolk, 2006)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Beracochea, D. (2006). Anterograde and retrograde effects of benzodiazepines on memory. The Scientific World Journal, 6, 1460–1465.
Bormann, J. E., Weinrich, S., Allard, C. B., Beck, D., Johnson, B. D., & Holt, L. C. (2014). Mantram repetition: An evidence-based complementary practice for military personnel and veterans in the 21st century. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 32, 79–108. Retrieved from http://libproxy.usc.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.libproxy1.usc.edu/docview/1564106924?accountid=14749
Brewer, J. (2014). Mindfulness in the military. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(8), 803–806.
Cozolino, L. (2010). The neuroscience of psychotherapy: Building and rebuilding the human brain, Norton series on interpersonal neurobiology. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
Cusack, K., Jonas, D. E., Forneris, C. A., Wines, C., Sonis, J., Middleton, J. C., … Weil, A. (2016). Psychological treatments for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 43, 128–141.
Farrell, D., Dworkin, M., Keenan, P., & Spierings, J. (2010). Using EMDR with survivors of sexual abuse perpetrated by Roman Catholic priests. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(3), 124–133.
Feinstein, A., Hershkop, S., Ouchterlony, D., Jardine, A., & McCullagh, S. (2002). Posttraumatic amnesia and recall of a traumatic event following traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 14(1), 25–30.
Gauntlett-Gilbert, J., Keegan, A., & Petrak, J. (2004). Drug-facilitated sexual assault: Cognitive approaches to treating the trauma. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 32(2), 215–223.
Goyal, M., Singh, S., Sibinga, E. M., Gould, N. F., Rowland-Seymour, A., Sharma, R., … Ranasinghe, P. D. (2014). Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(3), 357–368.
Groessl, E. J., Weingart, K. R., Aschbacher, K., Pada, L., & Baxi, S. (2008). Yoga for veterans with chronic low-back pain. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(9), 1123–1129.
Haagen, J. F., Smid, G. E., Knipscheer, J. W., & Kleber, R. J. (2015). The efficacy of recommended treatments for veterans with PTSD: A metaregression analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 184–194.
Haase, L., Thom, N. J., Shukla, A., Davenport, P. W., Simmons, A. N., Stanley, E. A., … Johnson, D. C. (2014). Mindfulness-based training attenuates insula response to an aversive interoceptive challenge. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(1), 182–190.
Heydenfeldt, J. A., Herkenhoff, L., & Coe, M. (2011). Cultivating mind fitness through mindfulness training: Applied neuroscience. Performance Improvement, 50(10), 21–27.
Hurley, E. (2013). Treating traumatic stress injuries in military personnel: An EMDR practitioner’s guide. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 115.
Hyer, L. (1995). Use of EMDR in a “dementing” PTSD survivor. Clinical Gerontologist: The Journal of Aging and Mental Health, 70–73.
Johnson, D. C., Thom, N. J., Stanley, E. A., Haase, L., Simmons, A. N., Shih, P. A. B., … Paulus, M. P. (2014). Modifying resilience mechanisms in at-risk individuals: A controlled study of mindfulness training in Marines preparing for deployment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(8), 844–853.
Klein, J. (2014). Implicit memory: Somatic therapy and drug facilitated sexual assault. Presented to the European Society of Traumatic Stress in Copenhagen, Denmark, March 28, 2014.
Lang, A. J., Strauss, J. L., Bomyea, J., Bormann, J. E., Hickman, S. D., Good, R. C., & Essex, M. (2012). The theoretical and empirical basis for meditation as an intervention for PTSD. Behavior Modification, 36(6), 759–786.
Lanius, R. A., Frewen, P. A., Tursich, M., Jetly, R., & McKinnon, M. C. (2015). Restoring large-scale brain networks in PTSD and related disorders: A proposal for neuroscientifically-informed treatment interventions. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 6(1), 27313.
Leiner, A. S., Kearns, M. C., Jackson, J. L., Astin, M. C., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2012). Avoidant coping and treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(2), 317.
Leitch, L., & Miller-Karas, E. (2009). A case for using biologically-based mental health intervention in post-earthquake china: Evaluation of training in the trauma resiliency model. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 11(4), 221–233.
Leitch, M. L., Vanslyke, J., & Allen, M. (2009). Somatic experiencing treatment with social service workers following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Social Work, 54(1), 9–18.
Libby, D. J., Reddy, F., Pilver, C. E., & Desai, R. (2012). Complementary and alternative medicine in VA specialized PTSD treatment programs. Psychiatric Services, 63(11), 1134–1136. Retrieved from http://libproxy.usc.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.libproxy1.usc.edu/docview/1444014043?accountid=14749
Lister, R. G., Gorenstein, C., Risher-Flowers, D., Weingartner, H. J., & Eckardt, M. J. (1991). Dissociation of the acute effects of alcohol on implicit and explicit memory processes. Neuropsychologia, 29(12), 1205–1212.
Miller-Karas, E. (2015). Building resilience to trauma: The trauma and community resiliency models. New York, NY: Routledge.
Pence, P., Katz, L., Huffman, C., & Cojucar, G. (2014). Delivering integrative restoration-yoga nidra meditation (iRest®) to women with sexual trauma at a veteran’s medical center: A pilot study. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 24(1), 53–62.
Polusny, M. A., Erbes, C. R., Thuras, P., Moran, A., Lamberty, G. J., Collins, R. C., … Lim, K. O. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 314(5), 456–465.
Rothbaum, B. O., Astin, M. C., & Marsteller, F. (2005). Prolonged exposure versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD rape victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(6), 607–616.
Shapiro, F., & Silk-Forrest, M. (1997). EMDR: The breakthrough therapy for overcoming anxiety, stress, and trauma. New York: Basic Books.
Shapiro, F., & Solomon, R. M. (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Siegel, D. J., & Solomon, M. (Eds.). (2003). Healing trauma: Attachment, mind, body and brain, Norton series on interpersonal neurobiology. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
Stankovic, L. (2011). Transforming trauma: A qualitative feasibility study of integrative restoration (iRest) yoga Nidra on combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 21(1), 23–37.
Stanley, E. A., Schaldach, J. M., Kiyonaga, A., & Jha, A. P. (2011). Mindfulness-based mind fitness training: A case study of a high-stress predeployment military cohort. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18(4), 566–576.
Steenkamp, M. M., & Litz, B. T. (2014). One-size-fits-all approach to PTSD in the VA not supported by the evidence. American Psychologist, 69, 706.
Stoller, C. C., Greuel, J. H., Cimini, L. S., Fowler, M. S., & Koomar, J. A. (2012). Effects of sensory-enhanced yoga on symptoms of combat stress in deployed military personnel. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(1), 59–68.
Trauma Resource Institute (2013). Trauma resource institute: Compassion without borders. Retrieved from https://www.traumaresourceinstitute.com/.
Van der Kolk, B. A. (2006). Forward. In P. Ogden, K. Minton, & C. Pain (Eds.), Trauma and the body: A sensorimotor approach to psychotherapy (Norton series on interpersonal neurobiology). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Van der Kolk, B. A. (2015). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. New York: Penguin Books.
Van Etten, M. L., & Taylor, S. (1998). Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 5, 126.
Van Puymbroeck, M., Schmid, A., Miller, K., & Schalk, N. (2012). P05. 58. Yoga is a feasible intervention for veterans with chronic stroke. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(1), P418.
Vujanovic, A. A., Niles, B., Peitrefesa, A., Schmertz, S. K., & Potter, C. M. (2011). Mindfulness in the treatment of PTSD among military veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 24. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/869437629?accountid=14749
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zaleski, K. (2018). Bodily Based (Somatic) Bottom-Up Psychotherapy for MST. In: Understanding and Treating Military Sexual Trauma. Focus on Sexuality Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73724-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73724-9_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-73723-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-73724-9
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)