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Orthopedic Biomaterials pp 85–108Cite as

Formulation and Evaluation of Nanoenhanced Anti-bacterial Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements

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Abstract

Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. Blood samples randomly collected from postmortem donors showed a 26% bacterial contamination rate. Preventing post-surgical infections is therefore a critical need that current polymethyl methacrylate bone cements fail to address. Current clinical practice uses direct impregnation of antibiotics in the bone cement mixture and applying the antibiotic-laden cement to the implant or fracture site. However, the addition of antibiotics results in reduced mechanical properties in the bone cement. Furthermore, the release of the antibiotic is short-lived and results in less than maximal antibiotic release. Calcium phosphate cements are unique in their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salt into hydroxyapatite and hence are naturally osteoconductive. Due to its low mechanical strength, its use in implant fixation, bone grafts and bone repair is limited to non-load bearing applications. The present work employs clay nanotubes as a means for developing enhanced mechanical properties in calcium phosphate cements as well as the sustained release of gentamicin and neomycin, two commonly used antibiotics.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the Governor’s Biotechnology Initiative, The Enterprise Fund and the Opportunities for Partnerships in Technology with Industry (OPT-IN).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA

    Karthik Tappa, Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka & David K. Mills

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  1. Karthik Tappa
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  2. Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka
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Correspondence to David K. Mills .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA

    Bingyun Li

  2. Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Thomas Webster

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Tappa, K., Jammalamadaka, U., Mills, D.K. (2017). Formulation and Evaluation of Nanoenhanced Anti-bacterial Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements. In: Li, B., Webster, T. (eds) Orthopedic Biomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73664-8_4

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