Abstract
Marital homicide committed by women occurs mainly in contexts of intimate gender violence, when they kill in order to survive attacks by their aggressors. This article presents a qualitative study carried out through the thematic content analysis of semi-structured interviews and the documentary analysis of the individual prison sentences of six Portuguese female prisoners convicted for the murder of their partners or former partners. The study explores the possible relationship between the practice of the crime and the exposure to a prior history of intimate gender violence, as well as problematizing their defence before the criminal justice system. Data obtained allowed us to recognize that all the women under study were victims of gender violence by their partners who they ultimately killed; that the initial period of separation of a couple constitutes an identical risk factor both for the practice of femicide and for the murder of offenders at the hands of their victims; and that there are inequities in the Portuguese criminal justice system regarding the conviction of these female prisoners that doubly punishes them in a penal system adapted to males, for having failed not only as citizens but as women.
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Notes
- 1.
Intimate partner violence is seen as part of the crime of Domestic Violence – Article 152 of the Portuguese Penal Code: “Whoever, in a repetitive manner or not, imposes physical or mental abuses, including bodily punishments, deprivations of liberty, and sexual offences upon the spouse or ex-spouse; upon a person of another or of the same sex with whom the agent maintains or has maintained a relationship equal to a relationship of spouses, even if without cohabitation; upon the progenitor of common descendant in first degree; or upon a particularly defenceless person with regard to age, deficiency, disease, pregnancy or economic dependency, who cohabitates with him, is punished with a sentence of imprisonment from one to five years. If the agent commits the act against a minor, in the presence of a minor, in the common domicile or in the victim’s domicile, he is punished with a sentence of imprisonment from two to five years. If these acts result in death, the agent is punished with a sentence of imprisonment from three to ten years and in cases resulting in grievous bodily injury, the agent is punished with a sentence of imprisonment from two to eight years”.
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Ferreira, M., Neves, S., Gomes, S. (2018). “To Kill or to Be Killed”: Narratives of Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence, Condemned for the Murder of Their Partners. In: Gomes, S., Duarte, V. (eds) Female Crime and Delinquency in Portugal. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73534-4_6
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