Skip to main content

Australian Contributions to the History of Military Geography

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Advances in Military Geosciences ((AMG))

Abstract

The history of Australian military geography is poorly recorded. This appears to be a first historical description of Australia’s contribution to military geography. This is rather surprising given geography’s links to Australia’s history of settlement, frontier wars and expeditionary wars, and the importance of war memorials in the Australian landscape and culture. Using a few key themes, periods and profiles of several individuals, it becomes clear that there is a need for a more deliberate effort to consider the sub-discipline of military geography in Australia. Such an effort would start to close a gap that is similarly reported in Canada’s and South Africa’s military geography. In Australia, discussions of military geography are held mainly in government whereas strategy is discussed in international relations. There is superficially little academic interest in military geography. In Australian government, business and military there are people using integrated human and biophysical geography. There is potential for this to be a growing dialogue organised in a sub-discipline of military geography. A narrative history of this sub-discipline will inform users of military geography and identify where future efforts may best contribute.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Assange, J. (2015). Introduction: WikiLeaks and empire The WikiLeaks files: The world according to US empire (pp. 1–19). London: Verso Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian Government. (2012). Australian National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security 2012–2018. Canberra: Department of Families Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayson, R. (2007). The ‘arc of instability’and Australia’s strategic policy. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 61, 215–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayson, R. (2016). The importance of geography. In D. Ball & S. Lee (Eds.), Geography, power, strategy and defence policy: Essays in honour of Paul Dibb. (pp. 71–83). Canberra: Australian National University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, D. W. A. (1997). The civilised surveyor: Thomas Mitchell and Australian Aborigines. Melbourne: Melbourne University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaglehole, J. C. (1992). The life of Captain James Cook. London: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bean, C. E. W. (1983). The official history of Australia in the war of 1914–1918: The Australian Imperial Force during the Allied offensive, 1918 (Vol. 6). Brisbane: Univ of Queensland Pr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boulton, E. G. (2017). Teaming: An introduction to gender studies, unshackling human talent and optimising military capability for the coming era of equality: 2020 to 2050. Canberra: Australian Army.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. (2014). Anzac’s long shadow: The cost of our national obsession. Melbourne: Black.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulbeck, C. (1991). Aborigines, memorials and the history of the frontier. Australian Historical Studies, 24, 168–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, A. (2008). Fear of security: Australia’s invasion anxiety. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter T. G. (1986). Pursuing a strategic divorce: The US and the ANZUS alliance. Cato Institute Policy Analysis (67).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carruthers, J. (2009). Carolyn strange and Alison Bashford: GriffithTaylor:Visionary, environmentalist, explorer. Historical Records of Australian Science, 20, 135–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, D. G. (2001). The road to military humanitarianism: How the human rights NGOs shaped a new humanitarian agenda. Human Rights Quarterly, 23, 678–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane, P. (2013). Simpson and the donkey: The making of a legend. Carlton: Melbourne University Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulthard-Clark, C. D. (2000). Australia’s military map-makers: The Royal Australian Survey Corps 1915–1996. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulthard-Clark, C. (2003). Breaking free: Transforming Australia’s defence industry. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • CSIRO (1946-1977) CSIRO land research surveys – on line. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. http://www.publish.csiro.au/cr. Accessed 14 May 2017.

  • Dean, P. (2010). Commemoration, memory, and forgotten histories: The complexity and limitations of Australian Army biography. War & Society, 29, 118–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deery, P., & Clohesy, L. (2013). ‘Patronised servants’: Australian scientists in the 1940s. Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, 99, 114–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dibb, P. (2006). Is strategic geography relevant to Australia’s current defence policy? Australian Journal of International Affairs, 60, 247–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DoD (2016a) Defence Annual Report 2015–16. Department of Defence, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • DoD (2016b) Defence White Paper. Department of Defence, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, M. (1990). Military history in the education of western army officers. In H. Smith (Ed.), Preparing future leaders: Officer education and training for the twenty-first century (pp. 121–143). Canberra: Australian Defence Studies Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feather, N. T. (1994). Attitudes toward high achievers and reactions to their fall: Theory and research concerning tall poppies. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 1–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flinders, M., & Flannery, T. F. (2001). Terra Australis: Matthew Flinders’ great adventures in the circumnavigation of Australia. Melbourne: Text Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsyth, H. (2017). Post-war political economics and the growth of Australian university research, c. 1945–1965. History of Education Review, 46, 15–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, A. (2012). The most dangerous man in the world: The inside story on Julian Assange and WikiLeaks. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galgano, F., & Palka, E. J. (2012). Modern military geography. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore, P. W. G. (2016). Leading a resilient force: Insights of an Australian General, Canberra: Army Research Paper No 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grey, J. (1999). A military history of Australia. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, I. (2016). India in Australia’s 2016 Defence White Paper. Security Challenges12, 181–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, I. (2012). Over the threshold—Setting minimum learning outcomes (benchmarks) for undergraduate geography majors in Australian universities. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 36, 481–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiscock, P., O’Connor, S., Balme, J., & Maloney, T. (2016). World’s earliest ground-edge axe production coincides with human colonisation of Australia. Australian Archaeology, 82, 2–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook, C. (2014). Historiography 1918-Today (Australia). Freie Universität Berlin. http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/pdf/1914-1918-Online-historiography_1918-today_australia-2014-12-16.pdf. Accessed 9 Mar 2017.

  • Holmes, J. (2002). Geography’s emerging cross-disciplinary links: Process, causes, outcomes and challenges. Geographical Research, 40, 2–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. (2014). Explorations in Australian legal geography: The evolution of lease tenures as policy instruments. Geographical Research, 52, 411–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. (2016). Whither geography? A response to Finlayson’s concerns. Geographical Research, 54, 103–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horner, D. (1990). Australian Army leadership: The historical background. In H. Smith (Ed.), Preparing future leaders: Officer education and training for the twenty-first century (pp. 83–106). Canberra: Australian Defence Studies Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglis, K. S. (1970). CEW Bean, Australian historian. Brisbane: University of Queensland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglis, K. S., & Brazier, J. (2008). Sacred places: War memorials in the Australian landscape. Melbourne: The Miegunyah Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, J. A., Van Rensburg, H. S. J., & Smit, H. A. P. (2002). Military geography in South Africa at the Dawn of the 21st century. South African Geographical Journal, 84, 195–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, P., Davies, A., Frühling, S., Goldrick, J., Kalms, M., & Medcalf, R. (2015). Guarding against uncertainty: Australian attitudes to Defence 2015. Canberra: Department of Defence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent, D. A. (1985). The Anzac book and the Anzac legend: CEW Bean as editor and image-maker. Australian Historical Studies, 21, 376–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kilcullen, D. (2007). Australian statecraft: The challenge of aligning policy with strategic culture. Security Challenges, 3, 45–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilcullen, D. (2010). Counterinsurgency. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kilcullen, D. (2015). Out of the mountains: The coming age of the urban guerrilla. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laut, P., Nanninga, P., M. & CSIRO Division of Water and Land Resources. (1985). Landscape data for cattle disease eradication in northern Australia. Canberra: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. (2004). Canadian military geography 1867–2002. In Studies in military geography and geology (pp. 53–64). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod, T. (2017). New US secretary of Defence James Mattis and the lessons of history. Melbourne: Centre for Policy Development. https://cpd.org.au/2017/01/travers-mcleod-on-us-secretary-of-defence-james-mattis/

  • Medcalf, R. (2014). In defence of the Indo-Pacific: Australia’s new strategic map. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 68, 470–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, K. (2016). The making of a maritime explorer: The early career of Matthew Flinders. Journal for Maritime Research, 18, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morphy, H. (2002). Thomson, Donald Finlay Fergusson (1901–1970). National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/thomson-donald-finlay-fergusson-11851/text21213. Accessed 5 May 2017.

  • Morton, P. (1989). Fire across the desert: Woomera and the Anglo-Australian joint project 1946–1980. Canberra: Australian Government Printing Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Malley, P. (2010). Resilient subjects: Uncertainty, warfare and liberalism. Economy and Society, 39, 488–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2010.510681.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oswald, B., & Waddell, J. (2014). Justice in arms: Military lawyers in the Australian Army’s first hundred years. Sydney: Big Sky Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, J. M. (1988). An historical geography of modern Australia: The restive fringe, Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography (Vol. 11). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prescott, J. R. V. (1969). The geography of state policies. London: Hutchinson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pugh, M. (1989). The ANZUS crisis, nuclear visiting and deterrence, Cambridge Studies in Inernational Relations (Vol. 4). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, H. (2006). The other side of the frontier: Aboriginal resistance to the European invasion of Australia. Sydney: UNSW Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rigsby, B., & Peterson, N. (2005). Donald Thomson: The man and scholar. Canberra: Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rimmer, P. J., & Ward, R. G. (2016). The power of geography. In D. Ball & S. Lee (Eds.), Geography, power, strategy and Defence policy: Essays in honour of Paul Dibb (pp. 45–69). Canberra: ANU Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riseman, N. (2013). Serving their country: A short history of Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander service in the Australian Army. Australian Army Journal, 10, 11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, G. (2006). Crimes against humanity: The struggle for global justice. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rockström, J., et al. (2009). A safe operating space for humanity. Nature, 461, 472–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serle, G. (1982). John Monash: A biography. Melbourne: University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shute, N. (1957). On the Beach. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smit, H., Magagula, H., & Flügel, T. (2016). South African military geography: Advancing from the trenches. South African Geographical Journal, 98, 417–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. (1990). The education of future military leaders. In H. Smith (Ed.), Preparing future leaders: Officer education and training for the twenty-first century (pp. 145–169). Canberra: Australian Defence Studies Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spate, O. (1978). Palaeoclimates of geographical thought. The Australian Geographer, 14, 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, P. (2017). Charles Bean: Man, myth, legacy. Sydney: UNSW Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stockings, C. (2007). The torch and the sword: A history of the army cadet movement in Australia. Sydney: UNSW Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stockings, C. (2012). Anzac’s dirty dozen: 12 myths of Australian military history. Sydney: UNSW Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strange, C. (2010). The Personality of Environmental Prediction: Griffith Taylor as’ Latter-day Prophet’ Historical Records of Australian Science, 21, 133–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strange, C. (2012). Reconsidering the “tragic” Scott expedition: Cheerful masculine home-making in Antarctica, 1910–1913. Journal of Social History, 46, 66–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strange, C., & Bashford, A. (2008). Griffith Taylor: Visionary environmentalist explorer. Canberra: National Library Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, T. G. (1946). Our evolving civilization: An introduction to Geopacifics, geographical aspects of the path toward world peace. University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, T. G. (1951). Geography in the Twentieth century: A study of growth, fields, techniques, aims, and trends. New York: Philosophical Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, G. (1963). Geographers and world peace a plea for Geopacifics. Geographical Research, 1, 3–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thom, B. (2017). US Office of Naval research and the Australian coast vol 2017. Sydney: Australian Coastal Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, D. F., & Peterson, N. (1983). Donald Thomson in Arnhem land. Compiled and introduced by Nicolas Peterson. Melbourne: Curry O’Neil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ubayasiri, K. (2015). The Anzac myth and the shaping of contemporary Australian war reportage media. War & Conflict, 8, 213–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, B., & Salt, D. (2012). Resilience thinking: Sustaining ecosystems and people in a changing world. Washington: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H. (2012). The China choice: Why America should share power. Oxford: Black.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, M. (2016). Where are our boys: How Newsmaps won the Great War. Canberra: National Library of Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, R. (2016). Military geography. In International encyclopedia of geography: People, the earth, environment and technology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0280.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stuart Pearson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pearson, S. (2018). Australian Contributions to the History of Military Geography. In: Pearson, S., Holloway, J., Thackway, R. (eds) Australian Contributions to Strategic and Military Geography. Advances in Military Geosciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73408-8_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics