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Heat Shock Protein as an Adjuvant in Veterinary Vaccines

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Heat Shock Proteins in Veterinary Medicine and Sciences

Part of the book series: Heat Shock Proteins ((HESP,volume 12))

Abstract

The conventional vaccines offer effective approaches to control several infectious diseases till date but are not always safe. In search for relatively safer vaccines, the developed new generation vaccines possess weak immunogenicity. Adjuvants are used to potentiate the immune responses induced by vaccine antigens and to achieve a desirable type of response. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are explored as adjuvants as well as therapeutic targets against tumors. HSP are ubiquitous group of proteins conserved in nature and induced to over express during various stressful conditions including heat. HSP are the single most abundant group of proteins inside the cell and during non-apoptotic cell death, they act as danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) present on the surface or inside the host cells resulting in stimulation of cells involved in immunity. The molecular mechanisms involved in the adjuvant activity of HSP are not fully understood. In this chapter, we will focus on some of the established functions of HSP and study its role as an adjuvant in veterinary vaccines.

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Abbreviations

APCs:

Antigen presenting cells

CCR5:

Chemokine receptor 5

CTL:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

DAMPs:

Danger associated molecular patterns

DCs:

Dendritic cells

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor;

gp96:

Glucose-regulated protein

HSP:

Heat shock proteins

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

LOX-1:

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1

LRP1:

Lipoprotein receptor 1

MAP:

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemo attractant protein-1

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MIP-1:

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthetase

PAMPs:

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

PRRs:

Pattern recognition receptors

RANTES:

Regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted

SREC-1:

Scavenger receptor expressed by endothelial cells-1

TAP:

Transporter associated with antigen processing proteins

TLRs:

Toll-like receptors

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Director, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, for supporting and extending the facilities. A part of this work was supported by a research grant from the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India (BT/PR12518/ADV/57/01/2009). We also acknowledge Dr. Sinéad Lyons, Postdoctoral Research Associate, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading for proof reading the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122, UP, India

    Sohini Dey, Madhan Mohan Chellappa, Kalpana Yadav, Dinesh C. Pathak & Ashis Debnath

  2. Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122, UP, India

    Saravanan Ramakrishnan

  3. School of Biological Sciences, University of ReadingUniversity of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK

    Hemanta Kumar Maity

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  1. Sohini Dey
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  1. Professor, Department of Medicine and Director, Precision Therapeutics Proteogenomics Diagnostic Center, Eleanor N. Dana Cancer Center University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, USA

    Alexzander A. A. Asea

  2. Visiting Scientist Professor, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Punit Kaur

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Dey, S. et al. (2017). Heat Shock Protein as an Adjuvant in Veterinary Vaccines. In: Asea, A., Kaur, P. (eds) Heat Shock Proteins in Veterinary Medicine and Sciences. Heat Shock Proteins, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73377-7_4

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