Abstract
Experienced NICU clinicians are familiar with the dramatic change in social interactions seen in their newborn patients as premature infants progress toward their due dates or near- or full-term infants progress from acute illness to recovery. The interactions gradually increase in frequency and become more sophisticated as the infant matures and/or stabilizes. Talking to the infant evolves from minimal to encouraging to fun, while the infant’s ability to respond evolves from minimal to aware to engaging. These changes—both infant and caregiver—are both cause and effect of the infant’s social-emotional development.
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Online References
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Background information can be found at https://www.verywell.com/child-development-theories-2795068.
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Their 1970 publication can be found at http://www.acamedia.info/sciences/sciliterature/origin_of_personality.htm
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Background information and the classic mutual regulation video can be found at http://scienceblogs.com/thoughtfulanimal/2010/10/18/ed-tronick-and-the-still-face/
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Background information and application in psychopathology can be found at https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/attachment-theory-expanded-mentalization.
Appendix 2: Parent Resources
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Zero To Three, Developing social-emotional skills (https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/series/developing-social-emotional-skills).
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American Academy of Pediatrics, Healthychildren.org, Ages & Stages (https://healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/Pages/default.aspx).
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Your Baby is Speaking to You: A Visual Guide to the Amazing Behaviors of Your Newborn and Growing Baby. A photograph-enriched book by Kevin Nugent (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011; www.hmhbooks.com).
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You Are My World: How a Parent’s Love Shapes a Baby’s Mind. A small photo book with short captions for parents, by Amy Hatkoff (New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 2007; www.stcbooks.com).
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Handbook of Infant Mental Health, Third Edition. Edited by Charles Zeanah (New York: Guilford, 2011; www.guilford.com), an in-depth guide for motivated clinicians.
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Adair, R.H. (2018). Social-Emotional Development in Early Childhood: Normative, NICU Considerations, and Application in NICU Follow-Up Programs for At-Risk Infants and Their Families. In: Needelman, H., Jackson, B. (eds) Follow-Up for NICU Graduates. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73275-6_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73275-6_4
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