Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Fish: A Transcriptional Tissue-Specific Crosstalk that Remains to be Unveiled and Characterized

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Emerging Issues in Fish Larvae Research

Abstract

Fat-soluble vitamins play essential roles in vertebrate’s development and homeostasis, and thus, an optimal, efficient and sustainable fish farming deeply depends on the optimization of their dietary levels provided. Subsequently, nutritional imbalances are considered one of the major causative factors of vertebrate’s abnormal development. Although approaches such as nutritional-dose-response trials, gene knock-down and over-expression studies, have provided valuable knowledge on its metabolism and dietary requirements; this knowledge is still mostly based on studies with mammalian species. Even though nutritional approaches involving different (i) research tools (i.e. NGS, RT-qPCR, proteomics, histology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, etc.), (ii) experimental approaches (in vivo and in vitro), and (iii) developmental stages (larval, juvenile and adult stages), have been applied to different fish species, the biological roles, underlying mechanisms and nutritional requirements in farmed fish are not fully understood yet. Here, knowledge gained during the last decade for each of the fat-soluble vitamins is compiled, reviewed from a holistic point of view, and the potential points of convergence of fat-soluble vitamins signaling pathways at molecular, cellular and tissue levels identified for the proper development of nutritionally balanced diets, based on integrative, multifactorial and multidisciplinary nutritional studies to be conducted in the nearest future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbink W, Flik G (2007) Parathyroid hormone-related protein in teleost fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 152:243–251

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adams MK, Belyaeva OV, Wu L et al (2014) The retinaldehyde reductase activity of DHRS3 is reciprocally activated by retinol dehydrogenase 10 to control retinoid homeostasis. J Biol Chem 289:14868–14880

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Austin B (2012) Infectious disease in aquaculture. Woodhead Publishing, UK, p. 560.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Ambrosio DN, Clugston RD, Blaner WS (2011) Vitamin A metabolism: an update. Nutrients 3:63–103

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amengual J, Golczak M, Palczewski K et al (2012) Lecithin: retinol acyltransferase is critical for cellular uptake of vitamin A from serum retinol-binding protein. J Biol Chem 287:24216–24227

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Atalah E, Hernández-Cruz C, Ganga R et al (2012) Enhancement of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larval growth by dietary vitamin E in relation to two different levels of essential fatty acids. Aquac Res 43:1816–1827

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avila EM, Basantes SP, Ferraris RP (1999) Cholecalciferol modulates plasma phosphate but not plasma vitamin D levels and intestinal phosphate absorption in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Gen Comp Endocrinol 469:460–469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailly M, Milet C, Garabedian M et al (1988) Calcium-dependent metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in silver eel tissues. Gen Comp Endocrinol 71:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bain PA, Papanicolaou A, Kumar A (2015) Identification of putative nuclear receptors and steroidogenic enzymes in Murray-darling rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) using RNA-Seq and de novo transcriptome assembly. PLoS ONE 10:1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Balmer JE, Blomhoff R (2002) Gene expression regulation by retinoic acid. J Lipid Res 43:1773–1808

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett BJ, Cho CY, Slinger SJ (1982) Relative biopotency of dietary ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol and the role of and requirement for vitamin D in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J Nutr 112:2011–2019

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berthelot C, Brunet F, Chalopin D et al (2014) The rainbow trout genome provides novel insights into evolution after whole-genome duplication in vertebrates. Nature 5:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand S, Brunet F, Escriva H et al (2004) Evolutionary genomics of nuclear receptors: from twenty-five ancestral genes to derived endocrine systems. Mol Biol Evol 21:1923–1937

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Betancor M, Atalah E, Caballero M et al (2011) α-Tocopherol in weaning diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) improves survival and reduces tissue damage caused by excess dietary DHA contents. Aquac Nutr 17:112–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Betancor MB, Sprague M, Usher S et al (2015) A nutritionally-enhanced oil from transgenic Camelina sativa effectively replaces fish oil as a source of eicosapentanoic acid for fish. Sci Rep 5:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blomhoff R (1994) Vitamin A in health and disease. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogard JR, Thilsted SH, Marks GC et al (2015) Nutrient composition of important fish species in Bangladesh and potential contribution to recommended nutrient intakes. J Food Compos Anal 42:120–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boglino A, Ponce M, Cousin X et al (2017) Transcriptional regulation of genes involved in retinoic acid metabolism in Senegalese sole larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol Part B 203:35–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boglione C, Gisbert E, Gavaia P et al (2013) Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: main typologies, occurrences and causative factors. Rev Aquac 5(Suppl. 1):S121–S167

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth SL, Suttie JW (1998) Dietary intake and adequacy of vitamin K1. J Nutr 128:785–788

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Booth SL, Golly I, Sacheck JM et al (2004) Effect of vitamin E supplementation on vitamin K status in adults with normal coagulation status. Am J Clin Nutr 80:143–148

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borel P, Preveraud D, Desmarchelier C (2013) Bioavailability of vitamin E in humans: an update. Nutr Rev 71:319–331

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner B, Kuperman A, Watzka M et al (2009) Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors deficiency. Semin Thromb Hemost 35:439–446

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bronner F (2009) Recent developments in intestinal calcium absorption. Nutr Rev 67:109–113

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buitenhuis HC, Soute BAM, Vermeer C (1990) Comparison of the vitamins K1, K2 and K3 as cofactors for the hepatic vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1034:170–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cahu C, Infante Z, Takeuchi T (2003) Nutritional components affecting skeletal development in fish larvae. Aquaculture 227:245–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calder PC (2012) Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology? Br J Clin Pharmacol 75:645–662

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Card DJ, Gorska R, Cutler J et al (2014) Vitamin K metabolism: current knowledge and future research. Mol Nutr Food Res 58:1590–1600

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerezuela R, Cuesta A, Meseguer J et al (2009) Effects of dietary vitamin D3 administration on innate immune parameters of seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 26:243–248

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chelstowska S, Widjaja-adhi MAK, Silvaroli JA et al (2016) Molecular basis for vitamin A uptake and storage in vertebrates. Nutrients 8:1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Tang Y, Guo C et al (2012) Nuclear receptors in the multidrug resistance through the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. Biochem Pharmacol 83:1112–1126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng Y, Tao W, Chen J et al (2015) Genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of nuclear receptor superfamily in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Gene 569:141–152

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiba H, Yamashita R, Kinoshita K et al (2008) Weak correlation between sequence conservation in promoter regions and in protein-coding regions of human-mouse orthologous gene pairs. BMC Genom 15:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung I, Yu B, Park I et al (2014) Isoflavone content and profile comparisons of cooked soybean–rice mixtures: electric rice cooker versus electric pressure rice cooker. J Agric Food Chem 62:11862–11868

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chung S, Atkinson J, Parker R et al (2015) Intracellular trafficking of vitamin E by the α-tocopherol transfer protein. FASEB J 29:886

    Google Scholar 

  • Combs DF, McClung JP (2017) The vitamins, fundamental aspects in nutrition and health. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Conceição N, Laizé V, Simões B et al (2008) Retinoic acid is a negative regulator of matrix Gla protein gene expression in teleost fish Sparus aurata. Biochim Biophys Acta 1779:28–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Copping MA (1934) Origin of vitamin d in cod-liver oil: vitamin D content of zooplankton. Biochem J 28:1516–1520

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Couto A, Kortner T, Penn M et al (2015) Saponins and phytosterols in diets for Europeansea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles: effects on growth, intestinal morphology and physiology. Aquac Nutr 21:180–193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig TA, Sommer S, Sussman CR et al (2008) Expression and regulation of the vitamin D receptor in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. J Bone Mineral Res 23:1486–1496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craig TA, Zhang Y, Magis AT et al (2014) Detection of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-regulated miRNAs in zebrafish by whole transcriptome sequencing. Zebrafish 11:207–218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Craig TA, Zhang Y, Mcnulty MS et al (2012) Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing detects multiple 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-sensitive metabolic pathways in developing zebrafish. Mol Endocrinol 26:1630–1642

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cui JY, Gunewardena SS, Rockwell CE et al (2010) ChIPing the cistrome of PXR in mouse liver. Nucleic Acids Res 38:7943–7963

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dam H (1935) The antihaemorrhagic vitamin of the chick. Biochem J 29:1273–1285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Darias MJ, Mazurais D, Koumoundouros G et al (2010) Dietary vitamin D 3 affects digestive system ontogenesis and ossification in European. Aquaculture 298:300–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darias MJ, Mazurais D, Koumoundouros G et al (2011) Overview of vitamin D and C requirements in fish and their influence on the skeletal system. Aquaculture 315:49–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dashty M, Motazacker MM, Levels J et al (2014) Proteome of human plasma very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein exhibits a link with coagulation and lipid metabolism. J Thromb Haemost 111:381–564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de la Rosa LC, Vrenken TE, Buist-Homan M et al (2015) Metformin protects primary rat hepatocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Pharmacol Res Perspect 3:e00125

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dedi J, Takeuchi T, Seikai T et al (1995) Hypervitaminosis and safe levels of vitamin A for larval flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fed Artemia nauplii. Aquaculture 133:135–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deluca HF, Zierold C (1998) Mechanisms and functions of vitamin D. Nutr Rev 56:S4–S10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ding N, Yu RT, Subramaniam N et al (2013) A vitamin D receptor/SMAD genomic circuit gates hepatic fibrotic response. Cell 153:601–613

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ding Z, Li W, Huang J et al (2017) Dietary alanyl-glutamine and vitamin E supplements could considerably promote the expression of GPx and PPARα genes, antioxidation, feed utilization, growth, and improve composition of juvenile cobia. Aquaculture 470:95–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ekins S, Chang C, Mani S et al (2007) Human pregnane X receptor antagonists and agonists define molecular requirements for different binding sites. Mol Pharmacol 72:592–603

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekins S, Reschly EJ, Hagey LR et al (2008) Evolution of pharmacologic specificity in the pregnane X receptor. BMC Evol Biol 8:103

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Kertaoui N, Hernández-Cruz M, Montero D et al (2017) The importance of dietary HUFA for meagre larvae (Argyrosomus regius; Asso, 1801) and its relation with antioxidant vitamins E and C. Aquac Res 48:419–433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eroglu A, Hruszkewycz DP, Sena C et al (2012) Naturally occurring eccentric cleavage products of provitamin A B-carotene function as antagonists of retinoic acid receptors. J Biol Chem 287:15886–15895

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Farley SM, Leonard SW, Labut EM et al (2012) Vitamin E decreases extra-hepatic menaquinone-4 concentrations in rats fed menadione or phylloquinone. Mol Nutr Food Res 56:912–922

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farley SM, Leonard SW, Taylor AW et al (2013) ω-Hydroxylation of phylloquinone by CYP4F2 is not increased by a-tocopherol. Mol Nutr Food Res 57:1785–1793

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fenwick JC, Smith K, Smith J et al (1984) Effect of various vitamin D analogs on plasma calcium and phosphorus and intestinal calcium absorption in fed and unfed American eels, Anguilla rostrata. Gen Comp Endocrinol 55:398–404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferland G (2012) Vitamin K, an emerging nutrient in brain function. BioFactors 38:151–157

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández I (2011) Hypervitaminosis A effects on Sparus aurata and Solea senegalensis: characterization of larval performance and the underlying gene expression of abnormal skeletogenesis. PhD thesis. University of Barcelona

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández I, Gisbert E (2011) The effect of vitamin A on flatfish development and skeletogenesis: a review. Aquaculture 315:34–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández I, Gavaia PJ (2016) Vitamin K, much more than blood clotting: roles, metabolism and specific requirements: a mini-review. In: Cruz Suárez LE, Ricque Marie D, Tapia Salazar M, Nieto López M, Villarreal Cavazos DA, Gamboa Delgado J, Rivas Vega ME (eds) Nutrición Acuícola: Investigación y Desarrollo. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México, pp 361–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández I, Pimentel MS, Ortiz-Delgado JB et al (2009) Effect of dietary vitamin A on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) skeletogenesis and larval quality. Aquaculture 295:250–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández I, Darias M, Andree KB et al (2011) Coordinated gene expression during gilthead sea bream skeletogenesis and its disruption by nutritional hypervitaminosis A. BMC Dev Biol 11:7

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández I, Santos A, Cancela ML et al (2014a) Warfarin, a potential pollutant in aquatic environment acting through Pxr signaling pathway and γ-glutamyl carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Environ Pollut 194:86–95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández I, Tiago DM, Laizé V et al (2014b) Retinoic acid differentially affects in vitro proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of two fish bone-derived cell lines: different gene expression of nuclear receptors and ECM proteins. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 140:34–43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández I, Carmen L, Andree KB et al (2015a) Vitamin A supplementation enhances Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) early juvenile’s immunocompetence: new insights on potential underlying pathways. Fish Shellfish Immunol 46:703–709

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández I, Vijayakumar P, Marques C et al (2015b) Zebrafish vitamin K epoxide reductases: expression in vivo, along extracellular matrix mineralization and under phylloquinone and warfarin in vitro exposure. Fish Physiol Biochem 41:745–759

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández I, Granadeiro L, Gavaia PJ et al (2015c) Zebrafish as a model for unveiling underlying signaling pathways of warfarin embryopathy. FASEB—Molecular, structural & clinical aspects of vitamin k & vitamin k-dependent proteins. USA, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Figueras A, Robledo D, Corvelo A et al (2016) Whole genome sequencing of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus; Pleuronectiformes): a fish adapted to demersal life. DNA Res 23:181–192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Flamant F, Baxter J, Forrest D et al (2006) International Union of Pharmacology. LIX. The pharmacology and classification of the nuclear receptor superfamily: thyroid hormone receptors. Pharmacol Rev 58:705–711

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flik G, Klaren P, Schoenmakers T et al (1996) Cellular calcium transport in fish: unique and universal mechanisms. Physiol Zool 69:403–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fodor D, Albu A, Poantã L et al (2010) Vitamin K and vascular calcifications. Acta Physiol Hung 97:256–266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fontagné-Dicharry S, Lataillade E, Surget A et al (2010) Effects of dietary vitamin A on broodstock performance, egg quality, early growth and retinoid nuclear receptor expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 303:40–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel EN (1998) Antioxidants. In: Frankel EN (ed) Lipid oxidation. The Oily Press, Dundee, pp 129–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Funkenstein B (2001) Developmental expression, tissue distribution and hormonal regulation of fish (Sparus aurata) serum retinol-binding protein. Comp Biochem Physiol Part B 129:613–622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geay F, Ferraresso S, Zambonino-Infante JL et al (2011) Effects of the total replacement of fish-based diet with plant-based diet on the hepatic transcriptome of two European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) half-sibfamilies showing different growth rates with the plant-based diet. BMC Genom 12:522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Germain P, Chambon P, Eichele G et al (2006a) International Union of Pharmacology. LX. Retinoic acid receptors. Pharmacol Rev 58:712–725

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Germain P, Chambon P, Eichele G et al (2006b) International Union of Pharmacology. LXIII. Retinoid X receptors. Pharmacol Rev 58:760–772

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gesto M, Castro LFC, Reis-Henriques MA et al (2012) Tissue-specific distribution patterns of retinoids and didehydroretinoids in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comp Biochem Physiol Part B 161:69–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gijsbers B, Jie K, Vermeer C (1996) Effect of food composition on vitamin K absorption in human volunteers. Br J Nutr 76:223–229

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glasauer SMK, Neuhauss SCF (2014) Whole-genome duplication in teleost fishes and its evolutionary consequences. Mol Genet Genomics 289:1045–1060

    Google Scholar 

  • Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ et al (2007) Effects of random allocation to vitamin E supplementation on the occurrence of venous thromboembolism: report from the Women’s Health Study. Circulation 116:1497–1503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith P (2004) Zebrafish as a pharmacological tool: the how, why and when. Curr Opin Pharmacol 4:504–512

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gonçalves A, Roi S, Nowicki M et al (2015) Fat-soluble vitamin intestinal absorption: absorption sites in the intestine and interactions for absorption. Food Chem 172:155–160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graff IE, Lie O, Aknes L (1999) In vitro hydroxylation of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in tissues of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus, Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. Aquac Nutr 5:23–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graff IE, Waagbo R, Fivelstad S et al (2002) A multivariate study on the effects of dietary vitamin K, vitamin D3 and calcium, and dissolved carbon dioxide on growth, bone minerals, vitamin status and health performance in smolting Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. J Fish Dis 25:599–614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graff IE, Krossoy C, Gjerdevik K et al (2010) Influence of dietary menadione nicotinamide bisulphite (vitamin K3) and phylloquinone (vitamin K1) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) tissue levels, determined by high- performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Aquac Nutr 16:637–647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grisdale-Helland B, Helland SJ, Åsgård T (1991) Problems associated with the present use of menadione sodium bisulfite and vitamin A in diets for Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 92:351–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guh Y, Hwang P (2016) Insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms of hormonal actions on fish ion regulation derived from the zebrafish model. Gen Comp Endocrinol 251:12–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez-Mazariegos J, Theodosiou M, Campo-Paysaa F et al (2011) Vitamin A: a multifunctional tool for development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 22:603–610

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haga Y, Takeuchi T, Murayama Y et al (2004) Vitamin D3 compounds induce hypermelanosis on the blind side and vertebral deformity in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish Sci 70:16–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haga Y, Tarui F, Ohta K et al (2006) Effect of light irradiation on dynamics of vitamin A compounds in rotifers and Artemia. Fish Sci 72:1020–1026

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haga Y, Du S, Satoh S et al (2011) Analysis of the mechanism of skeletal deformity in fish larvae using a vitamin A-induced bone deformity model. Aquaculture 315:26–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammed A, Matagrin B, Spohn G et al (2013) VKORC1L1, an enzyme rescuing the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase activity in some extrahepatic tissues during anticoagulation therapy. J Biol Chem 288:28733–28742

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hammerling U (2016) Retinol as electron carrier in redox signaling, a new frontier in vitamin A research. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 5:15–28

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hamre K (2011) Metabolism, interactions, requirements and functions of vitamin E in fish. Aquac Nutr 17:98–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamre K, Waagbø R, Berge RK et al (1997) Vitamins C and E interact in juvenile Atlantic salmon. Free Radical Biol Med 22:137–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamre K, Krossöy C, Lock E et al (2010) Roles of lipid-soluble vitamins during ontogeny of marine fish larvae. Aquac Nutr 41:745–750

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamre K, Yúfera M, Rønnestad I et al (2013) Fish larval nutrition and feed formulation: knowledge gaps and bottlenecks for advances in larval rearing. Rev Aquac 5(Suppl. 1):S26–S58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamre K, Sissener NH, Lock EJ et al (2016) Antioxidant nutrition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt, fed diets with high inclusion of plant ingredients and graded levels of micronutrients and selected amino acids. PeerJ 4:e2688

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Harshman SG, Saltzman E, Booth SL (2014) Vitamin K: dietary intake and requirements in different clinical conditions. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 17:531–538

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes ME, Guilland-Cumming D, Russell R et al (1986) Metabolism of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol in a teleost fish the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Gen Comp Endocrinol 64:143–150

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He Y, Tsuei J, Wan YY (2014) Biological functional annotation of retinoic acid alpha and beta in mouse liver based on genome-wide binding. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 307:205–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegarty JM, Yang H, Chi NC (2013) UBIAD1-mediated vitamin K2 synthesis is required for vascular endothelial cell survival and development. Development 140:1713–1719

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Helson L (1984) The effect of intravenous vitamin E and menadiol sodium diphosphate on vitamin K dependent clotting factors. Thromb Res 35:11–18

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hii CS, Ferrante A (2016) The non-genomic actions of vitamin D. Nutrients 8:135

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirota Y, Tsugawa N, Nakagawa K et al (2013) Menadione (vitamin K3) is a catabolic product of oral phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in the intestine and a circulating precursor of tissue menaquinone-4 (vitamin K2) in rats. J Biol Chem 288:33071–33080

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hoenderop JGJ, Nilius B, Bindels RJM (2005) Calcium absorption across epithelia. Physiol Rev 85:373–422

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holick MF (1981) The cutaneous photosynthesis of previtamin D3: a unique photoendocrine system. J Invest Dermatol 77:51–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holick MF, Schonoes H, Deluca HF (1971) Identification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D3 metabolically active in the intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 68:803–804

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Holick MF, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF et al (1972) Isolation and identification of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a metabolite of vitamin D3 made in the kidney. Biochem 11:4251–4255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holick M, Frommer H, McNeill S et al (1977) Photometabolism of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3 in skin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 76:107–114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander D, Rim E (1976a) Factors affecting the absorption of vitamin K-1 in vitro. Gut 17:450–455

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander D, Rim E (1976b) Vitamin K2 absorption by rat everted small intestinal sacs. Am J Physiol 231:415–419

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holt GJ (2011) Larval fish nutrition. Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Horvli OL, Aksnes L (1998) Tissue distribution of vitamin D3 in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar: effect of dietary level. Aquac Nutr 4:127–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitt MK (1962) Interrelations between vitamin E and poly-unsaturated fatty acids in adult men. Vitam Horm 20:541–558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howarth DL, Law SHW, Barnes B et al (2008) Paralogous vitamin D receptors in teleosts: transition of nuclear receptor function. Endocrinology 149:2411–2422

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang P, Chou M (2013) Zebrafish as an animal model to study ion homeostasis. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 465:1233–1247

    Google Scholar 

  • Hymøller L, Clausen TN, Jensen SK (2016) Interactions between retinol, α-tocopherol and cholecalciferol need consideration in diets for farmed mink (Mustela vison). Br J Nutr 115:751–758

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ichikawa T, Horie-Inoue K, Ikeda K et al (2006) Steroid and xenobiotic receptor SXR mediates vitamin K2-activated transcription of extracellular matrix-related genes and collagen accumulation in osteoblastic cells. J Biol Chem 281:16927–16934

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ito A, Shirakawa H, Takumi N et al (2011) Menaquinone-4 enhances testosterone production in rats and testis-derived tumor cells. Lipids Health Dis 10:158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Q (2014) Natural forms of vitamin E: metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and their role in disease prevention and therapy. Free Radic Biol and Med 72:76–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang J, Shi D, Zhou X et al (2015) Vitamin D inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced in flammatory response potentially through the Toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway in the intestine and enterocytes of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Br J Nutr 114:1560–1568

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karsenty G, Ferron M (2012) The contribution of bone to whole-organism physiology. Nature 481:314–320

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawaguchi R, Zhong M, Kassai M et al (2015) Vitamin A transport mechanism of the multitransmembrane cell-surface receptor STRA6. Membranes 5:425–453

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly M, Von Lintig J (2015) STRA6: role in cellular retinol uptake and efflux. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 4:229–242

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim DS, Burt AA, Ranchalis JE et al (2014) Effects of dietary components on high-density lipoprotein measures in a cohort of 1,566 participants. Nutr Metab 11:44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koivu-Tikkanen TJ, Schurgers LJ, Thijssen HHW et al (2000) Intestinal, hepatic, and circulating vitamin K levels at low and high intakes of vitamin K in rats. Br J Nutr 83:185–190

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kollitz EM, Hawkins MB, Whitfield GK et al (2014) Functional diversification of vitamin D receptor paralogs in Teleost fish after a whole genome duplication event. Endocrinology 155:4641–4654

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kollitz EM, Zhang G, Hawkins MB et al (2015) Molecular cloning, functional characterization, and evolutionary analysis of vitamin D receptors isolated from basal vertebrates. PLoS ONE 1:27

    Google Scholar 

  • Koumoundouros G (2010) Morpho-anatomical abnormalities in Mediterranean marine aquaculture. In: Koumoundouros G (ed) Recent advances in aquaculture research. Transworld Research Network, Kerala, pp 125–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Krasowski MD, Ai N, Hagey LR et al (2011) The evolution of farnesoid X, vitamin D, and pregnane X receptors: insights from the green-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon nigriviridis) and other non-mammalian species. BMC Biochem 12:5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Krossøy C, Waagbø R, Fjelldal PG et al (2009) Dietary menadione nicotinamide bisulphite (vitamin K3) does not affect growth or bone health in first-feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquac Nutr 15:638–649

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krossøy C, Waagbø R, Ørnsrud R (2011) Vitamin K in fish nutrition. Aquac Nutr 17:585–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon H (2016) Vitamin D receptor signaling is required for heart development in zebrafish embryo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 470:575–578

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lall SP, Lewis-Mccrea LM (2007) Role of nutrients in skeletal metabolism and pathology in fish—an overview. Aquaculture 267:3–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert WE, Vanneste L, De Leenheer AP (1992) Enzymatic sample hydrolysis and HPLC in a study of phylloquinone concentration in human milk. Clin Chem 38:1743–1748

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landes N, Pfluger P, Kluth D, Birringer M et al (2003) Vitamin E activates gene expression via the pregnane X receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 65:269–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsson D, Aksnes L, Björnsson BT et al (2002) Antagonistic effects of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on L-type Ca2+ channels and Na+/Ca2+ exchange in enterocytes from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). J Mol Endocrinol 28:53–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson D, Bjrnsson BTH, Sundell K (1995) Physiological concentrations of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 rapidly decrease the in vitro intestinal calcium uptake in the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Gen Comp Endocrinol 100:211–217

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lebold KM, Traber MG (2014) Free radical biology and medicine interactions between α-tocopherol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lipoxygenases during embryogenesis. Free Radical Biol Med 66:13–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis-Mccrea BLM, Lall SP (2010) Effects of phosphorus and vitamin C deficiency, vitamin A toxicity, and lipid peroxidation on skeletal abnormalities in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). J Appl Ichthyol 26:334–343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Ross-viola JS, Shay NF et al (2009) Human CYP3A4 and murine Cyp3A11 are regulated by equol and genistein via the pregnane X receptor in a species-specific manner. J Nutr 139:898–904

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Chen L, Qin JG et al (2013) Growth performance, antioxidant status and immune response in darkbarbel catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli fed different PUFA/vitamin E dietary levels and exposed to high or low ammonia. Aquaculture 406–407:18–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li E, Li C (2014) Use of RNA-seq in aquaculture research. Poult Fish Wild Sci 2:e108

    Google Scholar 

  • Lian J, Stewart C, Puchacz E et al (1989) Structure of the rat osteocalcin gene and regulation of vitamin D-dependent expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:1143–1147

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lie KK, Kvalheim K, Rasinger JD et al (2016) Vitamin A and arachidonic acid altered the skeletal mineralization in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae without any interactions on the transcriptional level. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A 191:80–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lien S, Koop BF, Sandve SR et al (2016) The Atlantic salmon genome provides insights into rediploidization. Nature 533:200–205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lim C, Yildirim-Aksoy M, Li MH et al (2009) Influence of dietary levels of lipid and vitamin E on growth and resistance of Nile tilapia to Streptococcus iniae challenge. Aquaculture 298:76–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin C, Su C, Hwang P (2014) Calcium-sensing receptor mediates Ca2+ homeostasis by modulating expression of PTH and stanniocalcin. Endocrinology 155:56–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin C, Su C, Tseng D et al (2012) Action of vitamin D and the receptor, VDRa, in calcium handling in zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS ONE 7:e45650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lin C, Tsai I, Su C et al (2011) Reverse effect of mammalian hypocalcemic cortisol in fish: cortisol stimulates Ca2+ uptake via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated vitamin D3 metabolism. PLoS ONE 6:e23689

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Linville A, Radtke K, Waxman JS et al (2009) Combinatorial roles for zebrafish retinoic acid receptors in the hindbrain, limbs and pharyngeal arches. Dev Biol 325:60–70

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu B, Xu P, Xie J et al (2014) Effects of emodin and vitamin E on the growth and crowding stress of Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish Shellfish Immunol 40:595–602

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lobo GP, Amengual J, Baus D et al (2013) Genetics and diet regulate vitamin A production via the homeobox transcription factor ISX. J Biol Chem 288:9017–9027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lock EJ, Ørnsrud R, Aksnes L et al (2007) The vitamin D receptor and its ligand 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J Endocrinol 193:459–471

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lock E, Waagbo R, Wendelaar Bonga S et al (2010) The significance of vitamin D for fish: a review. Aquac Nutr 16:100–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu Z, Chen TC, Zhang A et al (2007) An evaluation of the vitamin D3 content in fish: is the vitamin D content adequate to satisfy the dietary requirement for vitamin D? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 103:642–654

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lubzens E, Lissauer L, Levavi-Sivan B et al (2003) Carotenoid and retinoid transport to fish oocytes and eggs: what is the role of retinol binding protein? Mol Aspects Med 24:441–457

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacIntyre I, Colston K, Evans I et al (1976) Regulation of vitamin D: an evolutionary view. Clin Endocrinol 5:85–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makishima M (2005) Nuclear receptors as targets for drug development: regulation of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism by nuclear receptors. J Pharmacol Sci 97(2):177–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manchado M, Infante C, Rebordinos L et al (2009) General and comparative endocrinology molecular characterization, gene expression and transcriptional regulation of thyroid hormone receptors in Senegalese sole. Gen Comp Endocrinol 160:139–147

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marques C, Roberto VP, Granadeiro L et al (2017) The xenobiotic sensor PXR in a marine flatfish species (Solea senegalensis): gene expression patterns and its regulation under different physiological conditions. Mar Environ Res 130:187–199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martí-Solans J, Belyaeva OV, Torres-Aguila NP et al (2016) Co-elimination and survival in gene network evolution: dismantling the RA-signaling in a chordate. Mol Biol Evol 33:2401–2416

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathers J, Fernández F, Hill M et al (1990) Dietary modification of potential vitamin K supply from enteric bacterial menaquinones in rats. Br J Nutr 63:639–652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattila P, Piironen V, Haapala R (1997) Possible factors responsible for the high variation in the cholecalciferol contents of fish. J Agric Food Chem 45:3891–3896

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazurais D, Glynatsi N, Darias MJ et al (2009) Optimal levels of dietary vitamin A for reduced deformity incidence during development of European sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) depend on malformation type. Aquaculture 294:262–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McBurney A, Shearer MJ, Barkhan P (1980) Preparative isolation and characterization of the urinary aglycones of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) in man. Biochem Med 24:250–267

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald MG, Rieder MJ, Nakano M et al (2009) CYP4F2 is a vitamin K1 oxidase: an explanation for altered warfarin dose in carriers of the V433M variant. Mol Pharmacol 75:1337–1346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna NJ, Cooney AJ, DeMayo FJ et al (2009) Minireview: evolution of NURSA, the nuclear receptor signaling atlas. Mol Endocrinol 23:740–746

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Meisler MH (2001) Evolutionarily conserved noncoding DNA in the human genome: how much and what for? Genome Res 11:1617–1618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer MB, Goetsch PD, Pike JW (2010) Genome-wide analysis of the VDR/RXR cistrome in osteoblast cells provides new mechanistic insight into the actions of the vitamin D hormone. J Steroid Mol Biol 121:136–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michalik L, Auwerx J, Berger JP et al (2006) International Union of Pharmacology. LXI. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Pharmacol Rev 58:726–741

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller GW, Ulatowski L, Labut EM et al (2012) The a-Tocopherol transfer protein is essential for vertebrate embryogenesis. PLoS ONE 7:e47402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Minucci S, Leid M, Toyama R et al (1997) Retinoid × Receptor (RXR) within the RXR-retinoic acid receptor heterodimer binds its ligand and enhances retinoid-dependent gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 17:644–655

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Montero D, Tort L, Robaina L et al (2001) Low vitamin E in diet reduces stress resistance of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol 11:473–490

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore DD, Kato S, Xie WEN et al (2006) International Union of Pharmacology. LXII. The NR1H and NR1I receptors: constitutive androstane receptor, pregnene X receptor, farnesoid X receptor α, farnesoid X receptor B, liver X receptor α, liver X receptor B, and vitamin D receptor. Pharmacol Rev 58:742–759

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muenzner M, Tuvia N, Deutschmann C et al (2013) Retinol-binding protein 4 and its membrane receptor STRA6 control adipogenesis by regulating cellular retinoid homeostasis and retinoic acid receptor a activity. Mol Cell Biol 33:4068–4082

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mugoni V, Postel R, Catanzaro V et al (2013) Ubiad1 is an antioxidant enzyme that regulates eNOS activity by CoQ10 synthesis. Cell 152:504–518

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mustacich DJ, Leonard SW, Devereaux MW et al (2006) α-tocopherol regulation of hepatic cytochrome P450s and ABC transporters in rats. Free Radical Biol Med 41:1069–1078

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naderi M, Keyvanshokooh S, Salati AP et al (2017) Proteomic analysis of liver tissue from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under high rearing density after administration of dietary vitamin E and selenium nanoparticles. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genom Proteome 22:10–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neacsu CD, Grosch M, Tejada M et al (2011) Ucmaa (Grp-2) is required for zebrafish skeletal development. Evidence for a functional role of its glutamate γ-carboxylation. Matrix Biol 30:369–378

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nemere I, Larsson D, Sundell K (2000) A specific binding moiety for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in basal lateral membranes of carp enterocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:614–621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council (1993) Nutrient requirements of fish. The National Academies Press, Washington, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council (2011) Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. The National Academies Press, Washington, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • N’soukpoé-Kossi C, Sedaghat-Herati R, Ragi C et al (2007) Retinol and retinoic acid bind human serum albumin: stability and structural features. Int J Biol Macromol 40:484–490

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien SJ, Fraser CM (2005) Genomes and evolution: the power of comparative genomics. Curr Opin Genet Dev 15:569–571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Byrne SMO, Blaner WS (2013) Retinol and retinyl esters: biochemistry and physiology. J Lipid Res 54:1731–1743

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oldenburg J, Marinova M, Müller-Reible C et al (2008) The Vitamin K cycle. Vitam Horm 78:35–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oldenburg J, Watzka M, Bevans CG (2015) VKORC1 and VKORC1L1: why do vertebrates have two vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductases? Nutrients 7:6250–6280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira E, Casado M, Raldúa D et al (2013) Retinoic acid receptors’ expression and function during zebrafish early development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 138:143–151

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ørnsrud R, Lock EJ, Glover CN et al (2009) Retinoic acid cross-talk with calcitriol activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J Endocrinol 202:473–482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ørnsrud R, Lock EJ, Waagbø R et al (2013) Establishing an upper level of intake for vitamin A in Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar L.) postsmolts. Aquac Nutr 19:651–664

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orr A, Dubé MP, Marcadier J et al (2007) Mutations in the UBIAD1 gene, encoding a potential prenyltransferase, are causal for Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy. PLoS ONE 2:e685

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan JH, Feng L, Jiang WD et al (2017) Vitamin E deficiency depressed fish growth, disease resistance, and the immunity and structural integrity of immune organs in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): referring to NF-kB, TOR and Nrf2 signaling. Fish Shellfish Immunol 60:219–236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pavek P (2016) Pregnane X receptor (PXR)-mediated gene repression and cross-talk of PXR with other nuclear receptors via coactivator interactions. Front Pharmacol 7:456

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng LI, Gatlin DM III (2009) Dietary vitamin E requirement of the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Aquac Nutr 15:313–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pepe IM (1999) Rhodopsin and phototransduction. J Photochem Photobiol 48:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierens SL, Fraser DR (2015) The origin and metabolism of vitamin D in rainbow trout. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 145:58–64

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pike JW, Meyer MB, Lee S et al (2017) The vitamin D receptor: contemporary genomic approaches reveal new basic and translational insights. J Clin Invest 127:1146–1154

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poston HA (1968) Effects of massive doses of vitamin D3 on fingerling brook trout. Fish Res Bull 32:48–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponchon G, Deluca HF (1969) The role of the liver in the metabolism of vitamin D. J Clin Invest 48:1273–1279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Presnell SR, Stafford DW (2002) The vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Thromb Haemost 87:937–946

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu A, Glover CN, Hogstrand C (2007) Regulation of branchial zinc uptake by 1α, 25-(OH)2D3 in rainbow trout and associated changes in expression of ZIP1 and ECaC. Aquat Toxicol 84:142–152

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu A, Hogstrand C (2004) Functional characterisation and genomic analysis of an epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) from pufferfish, Fugu rubripes. Gene 342:113–123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rao DS, Raghuramulu N (1996) Food chain as origin of vitamin D in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol 114:15–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao DS, Raghuramulu N (1997) Vitamin D3 in Tilapia mossambica: relevance of photochemical synthesis. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 43:425–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Raucy JL, Lasker JM (2013) Cell-based systems to assess nuclear receptor activation and their use in drug development. Drug Metab Rev 45:101–109

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reboul E (2013) Absorption of vitamin A and carotenoids by the enterocyte: focus on transport proteins. Nutrients 5:3563–3581

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reboul E (2015) Intestinal absorption of vitamin D: from the meal to the enterocyte. Food Funct 6:356–362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reijntjes S, Blentic A, Gale E et al (2005) The control of morphogen signalling: regulation of the synthesis and catabolism of retinoic acid in the developing embryo. Dev Biol 285:224–237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richard N, Fernández I, Wulff T et al (2014) Dietary supplementation with vitamin K affects transcriptome and proteome of Senegalese sole, improving larval performance and quality. Mar Biotechnol 16:522–537

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richelle M, Enslen M, Hager C et al (2004) Both free and esterified plant sterols reduce cholesterol absorption and the bioavailability of β-carotene and α-tocopherol in normocholesterolemic humans. Am J Clin Nutr 80:171–177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rigotti A (2007) Absorption, transport and tissue delivery of vitamin E. Mol Aspects Med 28:423–436

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robaina L, Izquierdo MS, Moyano FJ et al (1995) Soybean and lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata): nutritional and histological implications. Aquaculture 130:219–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross SA, Caffery PJMC, Drager UC et al (2000) Retinoids in embryonal development. Physiol Rev 80:1021–1055

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarasquete C, Úbeda-Manzanaro M, Ortiz-Delgado JB (2017) Effects of the soya isoflavone genistein in early life stages of the Senegalese. Gen Comp Endocrinol 250:136–151

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid A, Walther B (2013) Natural vitamin D content in animal products. Adv Nutr 4:453–462

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schmölz L, Birringer M, Lorkowski S et al (2016) Complexity of vitamin E metabolism. World J Biol Chem 26:14–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schurgers LJ, Teunissen KJF, Hamulyák K et al (2007) Vitamin K–containing dietary supplements: comparison of synthetic vitamin K1 and natto-derived menaquinone-7. Blood 109:3279–3284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schurgers LJ, Vermeer C (2002) Differential lipoprotein transport pathways of K-vitamins in healthy subjects. Biochim Biophys Acta 1570:27–32

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shearer MJ, Newman P (2008) Metabolism and cell biology of vitamin K. Thromb Haemost 100:530–547

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shearer MJ, Newman P (2014) Recent trends in the metabolism and cell biology of vitamin K with special reference to vitamin K cycling and MK-4 biosynthesis. J Lipid Res 55:345–362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sluder A, Mathews SW, Hough D et al (1999) The nuclear receptor superfamily has undergone extensive proliferation and diversification in nematodes. Genome Res 9:103–120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spronk H, Soute B, Schurgers L et al (2003) Tissue-specific utilization of menaquinone-4 results in the prevention of arterial calcification in warfarin-treated rats. J Vasc Res 40:531–537

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura SH, Ferraris RP (2004) Dietary phosphorus-responsive genes in the intestine, pyloric ceca, and kidney of rainbow trout. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287:541–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sundell K, Bishop JE, Bt Bjornsson et al (1992) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the Atlantic cod: plasma levels, a plasma binding of a high affinity receptor. Endocrinology 131:2279–2286

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sundell K, Bt Björnsson (1990) Effects of vitamin D3, 25(OH) vitamin D3, 24,25(OH)2 vitamin D3, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 on the in vitro intestinal calcium absorption in the marine Teleost, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Gen Comp Endocrinol 78:74–79

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sundell K, Norman A, Bt Bjornsson (1993) 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 increases ionized plasma calcium concentrations in the immature Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. Gen Comp Endocrinol 91:344–351

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sundh H, Larsson D, Sundell K (2007) Environmental salinity regulates the in vitro production of [3H]-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and [3H]-24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Gen Comp Endocrinol 152:252–258

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suttie JW (1995) The importance of menaquinones in human-nutrition. Ann Rev Nutr 15:399–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki N, Danks JA, Maruyama Y et al (2011) Parathyroid hormone 1 (1–34) acts on the scales and involves calcium metabolism in gold fish. Bone 48:1186–1193

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki T, Suzuki N, Srivastava AS et al (2000) Identification of cDNAs encoding two subtypes of vitamin D receptor in flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 270:40–45

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swarup K, Dash VK, Norman AW (1991) Dose-dependent vitamin D3 and 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in male cyprinoid Cyprinus carpio. Comp Biochem Physiol 100:445–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swarup K, Norman AW, Srivastav AK (1984) Dose-dependent vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in male catfish Clarias batrachus. Comp Biochem Physiol 78:553–555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tabb MM, Sun A, Zhou C et al (2003) Vitamin K2 regulation of bone homeostasis is mediated by the steroid and xenobiotic receptor SXR. J Biol Chem 278:43919–43927

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takada T, Yamanashi Y, Konishi K et al (2015) NPC1L1 is a key regulator of intestinal vitamin K absorption and a modulator of warfarin therapy. Sci Transl Med 7:275ra23

    Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi A, Okano T, Kobayashi T (1991) The existence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase in the liver of carp and bastard halibut. Life Sci 48:275–282

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi A, Okano T, Sayamoto M et al (1986) Tissue distribution of 7-dehydrocholesterol, vitamin D3 and 25-dydroxyvitamin D3 in several species of fishes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 32:13–22

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi A, Okano T, Sekimoto H et al (1994) The enzymatic formation of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the liver of fetal rats. Comp Biochem Physiol 109:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi A, Torii M, Hatanaka Y et al (1987) Comparative studies on the contents of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 and 7-dehydrocholesterol in fish liver. Comp Biochem Physiol 88:569–573

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan L, Wray AE, Green MH et al (2014) Compartmental modeling of whole-body vitamin A kinetics in unsupplemented and vitamin A-retinoic acid-supplemented neonatal rats. J Lipid Res 55:1738–1749

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Taveekijakarn P, Miyazakp T, Matsumoto M et al (1996) Histopathological and haematological changes in amago salmon, Oncorhynchus rhodurus (Jordan & McGregor), fed a vitamin-D-free diet. J Fish Dis 19:289–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tena JJ, González-Aguilera C, Fernández-Miñan A et al (2014) Comparative epigenomics in distantly related teleost species identifies conserved cis-regulatory nodes active during the vertebrate phylotypic period. Genome Res 24:1075–1085

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tocher DR (2015) Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and aquaculture in perspective. Aquaculture 449:94–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tocher DR, Bendiksen EÅ, Campbell PJ et al (2008) The role of phospholipids in nutrition and metabolism of teleost fish. Aquaculture 280:21–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Traber MG (2004) The ABCs of vitamin E and B-carotene absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 80:3–4

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Traber MG (2013) Mechanisms for the prevention of vitamin E excess. J Lipid Res 54:2295–2306

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Trichet V (2010) Nutrition and immunity: an update. Aquac Res 41:356–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trushenski JT, Kohler CC (2008) Influence of vitamin E source and dietary supplementation level on production performance of sunshine bass, Morone chrysops ♀ × Morone saxatilis ♂, fillet tocopherol content, and immunocompetency during stress and bacterial challenge. J World Aquac Soc 39:454–466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turchini GM, Ng WK, Tocher DR (2010) Fish oil replacement and alternative lipid sources in aquaculture feeds. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, Florida

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Turchini GM, Francis DS, Keast RSJ et al (2011) Transforming salmonid aquaculture from a consumer to a producer of long chain omega-3 fatty acids. Food Chem 124:609–614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Udagawa M (2001) The effect of dietary vitamin K (phylloquinone and menadione) levels on the vertebral formation in mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus. Fish Sci 67:104–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Udagawa M (2000) Physiological role of vitamin K in fish—review. Japan Agric Res Q 34:279–284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulloa PE, Medrano JF, Feijoo CG (2014) Zebrafish as animal model for aquaculture nutrition research. Front Genet 5:313

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vickers KC, Remaley AT (2014) HDL and cholesterol: life after the divorce? J Lipid Res 55:4–12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Viegas CSB, Simes DC, Laize V et al (2008) Gla-rich protein (GRP), a new vitamin K-dependent protein identified from sturgeon cartilage and highly conserved in vertebrates. J Biol Chem 283:36655–36664

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vielma J, Lall SP (1998) Phosphorus utilization by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in freshwater is not influenced by higher dietary calcium intake. Aquaculture 160:117–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villeneuve L, Gisbert E, Cahu CL et al (2004) Expression and localization of some retinoid receptors during European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae development. Aquaculture 242:537–551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villeneuve L, Gisbert E, Delliou L et al (2005a) Dietary levels of all-trans retinol affect retinoid nuclear receptor expression and skeletal development in European sea bass larvae. Br J Nutr 93:791–801

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villeneuve L, Gisbert E, Zambonino-Infante JL et al (2005b) Effect of nature of dietary lipids on European sea bass morphogenesis: implication of retinoid receptors. Br J Nutr 94:877–884

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace BD, Betts L, Talmage G et al (2013) Structural and functional analysis of the human nuclear xenobiotic receptor PXR in complex with RXRα. J Mol Biol 425:2561–2577

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Westhofen P, Watzka M, Marinova M et al (2011) Human vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like 1 (VKORC1L1) mediates vitamin K-dependent intracellular antioxidant function. J Biol Chem 286:15085–15094

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield GK, Dang HTL, Schluter SF et al (2003) Cloning of a functional vitamin D receptor from the lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), an ancient vertebrate lacking a calcified skeleton and teeth. Endocrinology 144:2704–2716

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Widjaja-Adhi MAK, Lobo GP, Golczak M et al (2015) A genetic dissection of intestinal fat-soluble vitamin and carotenoid absorption. Hum Mol Genet 24:3206–3219

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wright DA, Dawson R, Cutler SJ et al (2007) Screening of natural product biocides for control of non-indigenous species. Environ Technol 28:309–319

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu F, Jiang M, Wen H et al (2017) Dietary vitamin E effects on growth, fillet textural parameters, and antioxidant capacity of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT), Oreochromis niloticus. Aquac Int 25:991–1003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan Y, Bhattacharya P, He XJ et al (2012) Duplicated zebrafish co-orthologs of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP, Pthlh) play different roles in craniofacial skeletogenesis. J Endocrinol 214:421–435

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yildirim-Aksoy M, Lim C, Li MH et al (2008) Interaction between dietary levels of vitamins C and E on growth and immune responses in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Aquac Res 39:1198–1209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida Y, Niki E, Noguchi N (2003) Comparative study on the action of tocopherols and tocotrienols as antioxidant: chemical and physical effects. Chem Phys Lipids 123:63–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zanotti G, Folli C, Cendron L et al (2008) Structural and mutational analyses of protein-protein interactions between transthyretin and retinol-binding protein. FEBS J 275:5841–5854

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Zhang K, Giesy JP et al (2015) Families of nuclear receptors in vertebrate models: characteristic and comparative toxicological perspective. Sci Rep 5:8554

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Q, Wang L, Wang H et al (2013) Dietary vitamin E could improve growth performance, lipid peroxidation and non-specific immune responses for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquac Nutr 19:421–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zingg J-M (2007) Modulation of signal transduction by vitamin E. Mol Aspects Med 28:481–506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was co-funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the European Commission (ERDF-COMPETE) and through PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011 project. In addition, this review was partially funded by the following grants AGL2005-02478, AGL2008-03897-C04-01⁄ACU, AGL2014-51839-C5-5-R from the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) of the Spanish Government + FEDER; the FINEFISH project, a collective research project of the sixth framework programme of the European Union (contract 012451); and the IberoAmerican network LARVAplus “Estrategias de desarrollo y mejora de la producción de larvas de peces en Iberoamérica” (117RT0521) funded by the Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED). IF was financed by the FCT through a postdoctoral fellowship (SFRH/BPD/82049/2011).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Ignacio Fernández & Paulo Gavaia

  2. UNICAEN, UA, CNRS, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), IRD, Sorbonne Univ, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Montpellier, France

    Maria J. Darias

  3. IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain

    Enric Gisbert

Authors
  1. Ignacio Fernández
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Paulo Gavaia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maria J. Darias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Enric Gisbert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ignacio Fernández .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain

    Manuel Yúfera

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Fernández, I., Gavaia, P., Darias, M.J., Gisbert, E. (2018). Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Fish: A Transcriptional Tissue-Specific Crosstalk that Remains to be Unveiled and Characterized. In: Yúfera, M. (eds) Emerging Issues in Fish Larvae Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73244-2_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation