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Membrane Proteins and Their Natural Environment

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Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

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Summary

This chapter offers a compact introduction to membrane proteins and their natural environment. An overview is presented of the cellular location and functions of membrane proteins, of lipid bilayers and the physical-chemical constraints they impose on membrane-spanning molecules, of the impact of these constraints on the structure of protein transmembrane regions, of lipid/protein interactions, and of membrane protein synthesis. Background information that is indispensable as a frame for the rest of the book is recalled, but the accent is put on notions that are essential to understanding how surfactants work and to optimizing their use. The nature and extent of conformational changes undergone by protein transmembrane regions during functional cycles are illustrated, taking as examples three membrane proteins, bacteriorhodopsin, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump, whose stability and functionality in the presence of various surfactants have been studied in some detail and will be discussed in subsequent chapters.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The cytosol is usefully defined as “that portion of the cell which is found in the supernatant fraction after centrifuging an homogenate at 105,000 × g for 1 hour” (Clegg 1983), that is, essentially, a solution devoid of cytoskeleton, membrane fragments, DNA, etc. but comprising most water-soluble proteins.

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    Jean-Luc Popot

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Popot, JL. (2018). Membrane Proteins and Their Natural Environment. In: Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73148-3_1

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