Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Acute Abdomen During Pregnancy pp 751–768Cite as

Anesthetic and Perioperative Management

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 988 Accesses

Abstract

In order to provide safe anesthesia for the mother and fetus, the following goals should be reached: (1) optimization and maintenance of normal maternal physiological function, (2) optimization and maintenance of uteroplacental blood flow and oxygen delivery, (3) avoidance of unwanted drug effects on the fetus, (4) avoidance of stimulating the myometrium (oxytocic effects), (5) avoidance of maternal awareness during general anesthesia, and (6) use of regional anesthesia, if possible. Antibiotics and thromboprophylaxis are the most common medications administered for acute abdomen during pregnancy. Antibiotics should be administered according to the FDA drug classes. Anesthetic management is especially difficult in patients with abdominal trauma or polytrauma when in addition to hemorrhagic shock there are problems with patient’s airway management. Preoperative and postoperative fetal monitoring is important for early recognition of fetal distress which influences the timing and type of combined obstetric and surgical intervention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Melnick DM, Wahl WL, Dalton VK. Management of general surgical problems in the pregnant patient. Am J Surg. 2004;187:170–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Rosen M. Management of anesthesia for the pregnant surgical patient. Anesthesiology. 1999;91:1159–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Mazze RI, Källén B. Appendectomy during pregnancy: a Swedish registry study of 778 cases. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;77:835–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Duncan PG, Pope WD, Cohen MM, et al. Fetal risk of anesthesia and surgery during pregnancy. Anesthesiology. 1986;64:790–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Koren G, Pastuszak A, Ito S. Drugs in pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1128–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kuczkowski KM. Nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy: what are the risks of anesthesia? Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2004;59:52–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kilpatrick C, Monga M. Approach to the acute abdomen in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2007;34:389–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bajwa SJS, Bajwa SK. Anaesthetic challenges and management during pregnancy: strategies revisited. Anesth Essays Res. 2013;7:160–7.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Upadya M, Saneesh PJ. Anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy. Indian J Anaesth. 2016;60:234–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Bagci S, Tuzun A, Erdil A, et al. Treatment of choledocholithiasis in pregnancy: a case report. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2003;267:239–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Simmons DC, Tarnasky PR, Rivera-Alsina ME, et al. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in pregnancy without the use of radiation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:1467–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sungler P, Heinerman PM, Steiner H, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and interventional endoscopy for gallstone complications during pregnancy. Surg Endosc. 2000;14:267–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Gordon M. Maternal physiology in pregnancy. In: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson J, editors. Obstetrics: normal and problem pregnancies. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Koonin LM, MacKay AP, Berg CJ, et al. Pregnancy-related mortality surveillance—United States, 1987-1990. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1997;46:17–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Jain V, Chari R, Maslovitz S, et al. Guidelines for the management of a pregnant trauma patient. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2015;37:553–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Cheek TG, Baird E. Anesthesia for nonobstetric surgery: maternal and fetal considerations. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2009;52:535–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pedersen H, Finster M. Anesthetic risk in the pregnant surgical patient. Anesthesiology. 1979;51:439–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Donkervoort SC, Boerma D. Suspicion of acute appendicitis in the third trimester of pregnancy: pros and cons of a laparoscopic procedure. JSLS. 2011;15:379–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Dudley AS, Teaford H, Gatewood T, et al. Delayed traumatic rupture of the diaphragm in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1979;53:25S–7S.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lobb TR, Butlin G. Anaesthesia and traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1974;21:173–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Loehning RW, Takaori M, Safar P. Circulatory collapse from anesthesia for diaphragmatic hernia. Arch Surg. 1965;90:109–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kuczkowski KM, Ispirescu JS, Benumof J. Trauma in pregnancy: anesthetic management of the parturient with multiple gunshot wounds to the gravid uterus and fetal injury. J Trauma. 2003;54:420.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Pilkington S, Carli F, Dakin M, et al. Increase in Mallampati score during pregnancy. Br J Anaesth. 1995;74:638–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Sakles JC, Josephy CP, Chiu S. Success rates of Glidescope video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in blunt trauma patients with cervical immobilization. J Emerg Med. 2009;27:220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kuczkowski K. Peripartum anaesthetic management of a parturient with spinal cord injury and autonomic hyperreflexia. Anaesthesia. 2003;58:823–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kuczkowski KM, Reisner LS, Benumof J. Airway problems and new solutions for the obstetric patient. J Clin Anesth. 2003;15:552–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Warner D. Neuroanesthesia 2000. Anesth Analg. 2000;90:1238–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Popov I, Ngambu F, Mantel G, et al. Acute spinal cord injury in pregnancy: an illustrative case and literature review. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;23:596–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Silvestri MT, Pettker CM, Brousseau E, et al. Morbidity of appendectomy and cholecystectomy in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;118:1261–70.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Soper NJ, Hunter JG, Petrie R. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy. Surg Endosc. 1992;6:115–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Comitalo JB, Lynch D. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the pregnant patient. Surg Laparosc Endosc. 1994;4:268–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Bhavani-Shankar K, Steinbrook RA, Brooks DC, et al. Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure difference during laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy. Anesthesiology. 2000;93:370–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Affleck DG, Handrahan DL, Egger MJ, et al. The laparoscopic management of appendicitis and cholelithiasis during pregnancy. Am J Surg. 1999;178:523–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Rollins MD, Chan KJ, Price RR. Laparoscopy for appendicitis and cholelithiasis during pregnancy: a new standard of care. Surg Endosc. 2004;18:237–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Fatum M, Rojansky N. Laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2001;56:50–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Dubar G, Azria E, Tesnière A, et al. French experience of 2009 A/H1N1v influenza in pregnant women. PLoS One. 2010;5:e13112.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Nair P, Davies AR, Beca J, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe ARDS in pregnant and postpartum women during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37:648–54.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Ho CH, Chen KB, Liu SK, et al. Early application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with amniotic fluid embolism. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwanica. 2009;47:99–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Weinberg L, Kay C, Liskaser F, et al. Successful treatment of peripartum massive pulmonary embolism with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and catheter-directed pulmonary thrombolytic therapy. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2011;39:486–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Smith IJ, Gillham MJ. Fulminant peripartum cardiomyopathy rescue with extracorporeal membranous oxygenation. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2009;18:186–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Plotkin JS, Shah JB, Lofland GK, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the successful treatment of traumatic adult respiratory distress syndrome: case report and review. J Trauma. 1994;37:127–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Broussard CN, Richter J. Treating gastroesophageal reflux disease during pregnancy and lactation: what are the safest therapy options. Drug Saf. 1998;19:325–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Costa SH, Vessey M. Misoprostol and illegal abortion in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Lancet. 1993;341:1258–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Cappell M. Colon cancer during pregnancy: the gastroenterologist’s perspective. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 1998;27:225–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hale DA, Molloy M, Pearl R, et al. Appendectomy: a contemporary appraisal. Ann Surg. 1997;225:252–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Andersen B, Nielsen T. Appendicitis in pregnancy: diagnosis, management and complications. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1999;78:758–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Al-Mulhim A. Acute appendicitis in pregnancy. A review of 52 cases. Int Surg. 1996;81:295–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Diav-Citrin O, Shechtman S, Gotteiner T, et al. Pregnancy outcome after gestational exposure to metronidazole: a prospective controlled cohort study. Teratology. 2001;63:186–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Burtin P, Taddio A, Ariburnu O, et al. Safety of metronidazole in pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172:525–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Sartelli M, Weber DG, Ruppé E, et al. Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA). World J Emerg Surg. 2016;11:33.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Alano MA, Ngougmna E, Ostrea EM Jr, et al. Analysis of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in meconium and its relation to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatrics. 2001;107:519–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Corby D. Aspirin in pregnancy: maternal and fetal effects. Pediatrics. 1978;62:930–45.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Levin D. Morphologic analysis of the pulmonary vascular bed in infants exposed in utero to prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. J Pediatr. 1978;92:478–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Major CA, Lewis DF, Harding J, et al. Tocolysis with indomethacin increases the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in the low-birth-weight neonate. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:102–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Moise KJ, Huhta JC, Sharif D, et al. Indomethacin in the treatment of premature labor: effects on the fetal ductus arteriosus. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:327–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Rumack CM, Guggenheim MA, Rumack B, et al. Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and maternal use of aspirin. Obstet Gynecol. 1981;58:52S–6S.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Nielsen GL, Sorensen HT, Larsen H, et al. Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: population based observational study and case-control study. BMJ. 2001;322:266–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Li DK, Liu L, Odouli R. Exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2003;327:368.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Antonucci R, Zaffanello M, Puxeddu E, et al. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pregnancy: impact on the fetus and newborn. Curr Drug Metab. 2012;13:474–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Dawood M. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and reproduction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169:1255–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Van der Weiden RM, Helmerhorst FM, Keirse M. Influence of prostaglandins and platelet activating factor on implantation. Hum Reprod. 1991;6:436–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Van der Weiden RM, Wouters J. Infertility may sometimes be associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumption. Br J Rheumatol. 1997;36:605.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Shintaku K, Hori S, Satoh H, et al. Prediction and evaluation of fetal toxicity induced by NSAIDs using transplacental kinetic parameters obtained from human placental perfusion studies. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;73:248–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. SIGN. Prevention and management of venous thromboembolism. A national clinical guideline. Edinburgh: SIGN; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Bain E, Wilson A, Tooher R. Prophylaxis for venous thromboembolic disease in pregnancy and the early postnatal period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(11):CD001689.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Heit J, Kobbervig C, James AH, et al. Trends in the incidence of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or postpartum: a 30-year population-based study. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:697–706.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Simpson EL, Lawrenson RA, Nightingale AL, et al. Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium: incidence and additional risk factors from a London perinatal database. BJOG. 2001;108:56–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Anderson FA, Spencer FA. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2003;107:I9–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldorp S, et al. VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141:e691S–736S.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Romero A, Alonso C, Rincon M, et al. Risk of venous thromboembolic disease in women A qualitative systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;121:8–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Stirling Y, Woolf L, North WR, et al. Haemostasis in normal pregnancy. Thromb Haemost. 1984;52:176–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Virkus RA, Lokkegaard EC, Bergholt T, et al. Venous thromboembolism in pregnant and puerperal women in Denmark 1995–2005. A national cohort study. Thromb Haemost. 2011;106:304–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Gerhardt A, Scharf RE, Beckmann MW, et al. Prothrombin and factor V mutations in women with a history of thrombosis during pregnancy and the puerperium. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:374–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Jacobsen AF, Skjeldestad FE, Sandset P. Incidence and risk patterns of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and puerperium - a register-based case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:233.e1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Brenner B. Haemostatic changes in pregnancy. Thromb Res. 2004;114:409–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Toglia MR, Weg J. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:108–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Caprini JA, Arcelus JI, Laubach M, et al. Postoperative hypercoagulability and deep-vein thrombosis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 1995;9:304–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Davis FM, McDermott E, Hickton C, et al. Influence of spinal and general anaesthesia on hemostasis during total hip arthroplasty. Br J Anaesth. 1987;59:561–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Crozier TA, Muller JE, Quittkat D, et al. Effect of anaesthesia on the cytokine responses to abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth. 1994;72:280–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Shenkin A, Fraser WD, Series J, et al. The serum interleukin 6 response to elective surgery. Lymphokine Res. 1989;8:123–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Avall A, Hyllner M, Bengtson JP, et al. Postoperative inflammatory response after autologous and allogeneic blood transfusion. Anesthesiology. 1997;87:511–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Tsiminikakis N, Chouillard E, Tsigris C, et al. Fibrinolytic and coagulation pathways after laparoscopic and open surgery: a prospective randomized trial. Surg Endosc. 2009;23:2762–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Soriano D, Yefet Y, Oelsner G, et al. Operative laparoscopy for management of ectopic pregnancy in patients with hypovolemic shock. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1997;4:363–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Nguyen NT, Luketich JD, Shurin MR, et al. Coagulation modifications after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in a swine model. Surg Endosc. 1998;12:973–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Prisco D, De Gaudio AR, Carla R, et al. Videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy induces a hemostasis activation of lower grade than does open surgery. Surg Endosc. 2000;14:170–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Dexter SP, Griffith JP, Grant PJ, et al. Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 1996;10:1069–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Vander Velpen G, Penninckx F, Kerremans R, et al. Interleukin-6 and coagulation-fibrinolysis fluctuations after laparoscopic and conventional cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 1994;8:1216–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Schietroma M, Carlei F, Mownah A, et al. Changes in the blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and cytokine profile during laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2004;18:1090–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Begos DG, Modlin IM. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: from gimmick to gold standard. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1994;19:325–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Jorgensen JO, Nanel K, Lalak N, et al. Thromboembolic complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br Med J. 1993;306:518–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Dabrowiecki S, Rosc D, Jurkowski P. The influence of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on perioperative blood clotting and fibrinolysis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1997;8:1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Nguyen GC, Boudreau H, Harris ML, et al. Outcomes of obstetric hospitalizations among women with inflammatory bowel disease in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:329–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Novacek G, Weltermann A, Sobala A, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease is a risk factor for recurrent venous thromboembolism. Gastroenterology. 2010;139:779–87, 787 e1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Greer IA, Nelson-Piercy C. Low-molecular-weight heparins for thromboprophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: a systematic review of safety and efficacy. Blood. 2005;106:401–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Biswas MK, Summers P, Schultis S, et al. Torsion of the gravid uterus. A report of two cases. J Reprod Med. 1990;35:194–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Cook KE, Jenkins S. Pathologic uterine torsion associated with placental abruption, maternal shock, and intrauterine fetal demise. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:2082–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Cipullo LM, Milosavljevic S, van Oudgaarden E. Uterus didelphys: report of a puerperal torsion and a review of the literature. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2012:190167.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  98. Glasgow RE, Visser BC, Harris H, et al. Changing management of gallstone disease during pregnancy. Surg Endosc. 1998;12:241–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Graham G, Baxi L, Tharakan T. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy: a case series and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1998;53:566–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Lu EJ, Curet MJ, El-Sayed YY, et al. Medical versus surgical management of biliary tract disease in pregnancy. Am J Surg. 2004;188:755–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. https://www.abclawcenters.com/practice-areas/prenatal-birth-injuries/labor-and-delivery-complications-and-errors/improper-fetal-monitoring/.

  102. Barnes SL, Shane MD, Schoemann M, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy after 30 weeks pregnancy: report of two cases and description of technique. Am Surg. 2004;70:733–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Immer-Bansi A, Immer FF, Henle S, et al. Unnecessary emergency caesarean section due to silent C.T.G. during anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2001;87:791–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Cosenza CA, Saffari B, Jabbour N, et al. Surgical management of biliary gallstone disease during pregnancy. Am J Surg. 1999;178:545–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Wang CJ, Yen CF, Lee CL, et al. Minilaparoscopic cystectomy and appendectomy in late second trimester. JSLS. 2002;6:373–5.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  106. Steinbrook RA, Brooks DC, Datta S. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy. Review of anesthetic management, surgical considerations. Surg Endosc. 1996;10:511–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Ács N, Bánhidy F, Puhó EH, et al. Possible association between symptomatic cholelithiasis-complicated cholecystitis in pregnant women and congenital abnormalities in their offspring—a population-based case-control study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009;146:152–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Czeizel AE, Acs N, Banhidy F, et al. Primary prevention of congenital abnormalities due to high fever related maternal diseases by antifever therapy and folic acid supplementation. Curr Womens Health Rev. 2007;3:190–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Swisher SG, Schmit PJ, Hunt K, et al. Biliary disease during pregnancy. Am J Surg. 1994;168:576–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Facchinetti F, Fazzio M, Venturini P. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of preterm delivery. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2005;9:41–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Olsen SF, Secher N. Low consumption of seafood in early pregnancy as a risk factor for preterm delivery: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2002;324:447.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    Goran Augustin

  2. Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    Goran Augustin

Authors
  1. Goran Augustin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Augustin, G. (2018). Anesthetic and Perioperative Management. In: Acute Abdomen During Pregnancy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72995-4_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72995-4_21

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-72994-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-72995-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation