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Identifying Needs, Vulnerabilities and Resources in Refugee Persons and Groups

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An Uncertain Safety

Abstract

The global increase in refugees has led to a number of critical challenges, which should be addressed by an interdisciplinary approach to permit identification and understanding of the complex needs and vulnerabilities of the diverse refugee groups, and guide both emergency aid and long-term planning.

The approach chosen would be guided by the priorities in a specific situation, and the professional background of the helper. In an emergency setting a comprehensive assessment of mental health might for example not be possible or even necessary. Therefore, we recommend the reader selects the sections of the following chapter that are most relevant to his or her work.

Part I of the chapter will introduce the subject with a short overview of general assessment models and tools, developed by UN organisations and international NGOs that should be considered in any humanitarian disaster and displacement of large population groups. The authors also address specifics that are frequently neglected, including considerations of ethics and data protection in shared data.

Part II of the chapter explores the identification and primary protection of vulnerable groups. As an example of the complex interdisciplinary situation encountered in highly vulnerable groups, this chapter also elaborates on the specific steps relevant to the support and protection of survivors of torture. These include legal, medical, social and psychological aspects, and can be linked to developing strategies like universal jurisdiction contributing to long-term justice and the recovery of a civil society.

Identification of resources and resilience factors is also important to counter the risk of a too narrow focus on vulnerabilities in the assessment of refugee groups and will be covered in this part of the chapter.

Parts III and IV of this chapter focus on the specific aspect of mental health assessment in adults and children including specific toolboxes and instruments that can be used for the evaluation of mental health-related factors in communities, groups and individuals.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Toolkit for assessing health system capacity to manage large influxes of refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants, World Health Organization 2016, online at www.who.org.

  2. 2.

    http://www.unhcr.org/publications/legal/450e963f2/unhcr-tool-participatory-assessment-operations.html.

  3. 3.

    https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/CCC_042010.pdf . Accessed 1 Apr 2017.

  4. 4.

    Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) (2007). IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. Geneva: IASC. Available from http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/content/products.

  5. 5.

    WHO/UNHCR: assessing mental health and psychosocial needs and resources: toolkit for humanitarian settings, 2012. Available www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/.../9789241548533_eng.pdf. Accessed 1 Jun 2017.

  6. 6.

    UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Policy on the Protection of Personal Data of Persons of Concern to UNHCR, Geneva, May 2015. www.refworld.org/docid/55643c1d4.html. Accessed 1 Jun 2017.

  7. 7.

    Privacy impact assessment of UNHCR cash-based interventions, UNHCR, December 2015, online at www.globalprotectioncluster.org/…f-unhcr-cbi_en.pdf. Accessed 1 Jun 2017.

  8. 8.

    See http://www.ohchr.org/english/law/index.htm for an overview.

  9. 9.

    The tool is available, for example, from www.refworld.org/pdfid/57f21f6b4.pdf . Accessed 1 Jun 2017.

  10. 10.

    http://www.unhcr.org/innovation/labs_post/vulnerability-assessment-framework/. Accessed 1 Jun 2017.

  11. 11.

    www.refworld.org/pdfid/4c46c6860.pdf.

  12. 12.

    http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013L0033.

  13. 13.

    https://www.ecoi.net/.

  14. 14.

    Project QUADA, at present available in Austria, international version of the handbook in preparation, www.bfa.gv.at/files/broschueren/Trainingsprogramm_WEB_15032016.pdf . Accessed 20 Jun 2017.

  15. 15.

    https://www.easo.europa.eu/. Accessed 20 Jun 2017.

  16. 16.

    https://ipsn.easo.europa.eu/. Accessed 20 Jun 2017.

  17. 17.

    UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Hungary as a country of asylum. Observations on restrictive legal measures and subsequent practice implemented between July 2015 and March 2016, May 2016. Available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/57319d514.html. Accessed 6 July 2017.

  18. 18.

    See for example Amnesty International, report 06.07.2015 “Europe’s Borderlands: Violations against refugees and migrants in Macedonia, Serbia and Hungary” at https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur70/1579/2015/en/. Accessed 6 July 2017.

  19. 19.

    http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CAT.aspx. Accessed 25 Dec 2016.

  20. 20.

    Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, entry into force 26 June 1987. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CAT.aspx. Accessed 25 Dec 2016.

  21. 21.

    www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/training8Rev1en.pdf.

  22. 22.

    Training models are provided, for example, in the EU-based ARTIP/ATIP approach (www.istanbulprotocol.info/) and by Physicians for Human Rights (http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/issues/torture/international-torture/istanbul-protocol-model-medical-curriculum.html).

  23. 23.

    Directive 2012/29/EU establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime was adopted on 25 October 2012 and entered into force on 15 November 2012. Accessed 20 Aug 2017.

  24. 24.

    http://ec.europa.eu/justice/criminal/victims/rights/index_en.htm. Accessed 15 July 3027.

  25. 25.

    www.irct.org.

  26. 26.

    www.istanbulprotocol.info.

  27. 27.

    http://www.unhcr.org/protection/women/50f91c999/iasc-gender-handbook-humanitarian-action.html.

  28. 28.

    http://www.redress.org/country-work/no-safe-havens-for-torturers-the-application-of-universal-jurisdiction.

  29. 29.

    https://www.unicef.org/.../SILENT_HARM_Eng_Web.pdf.

  30. 30.

    https://www.unicef.org/.../SILENT_HARM_Eng_Web.pdf.

  31. 31.

    http://www.pharos.nl/nl/kenniscentrum/algemeen/webshop/product/34/facing-return. Accessed 2 May 2017.

  32. 32.

    http://pscentre.org/resources/life-skills-skills-for-life-a-handbook/. Accessed 30 May 2017.

  33. 33.

    http://unicef.org%2Feapro%2FLife_Skills__A_facilitator_guide_for_teenagers.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHbf6mxvdnuLiTacDy4PoL57Nkp5g&sig2=ECx3HL0ZOaih67czYsb7ow&cad=rja. Accessed 30 May.2017.

  34. 34.

    www.who.int/school_youth_health/.../sch_skills4health_03.pdf . Accessed 3 Jun 2017.

  35. 35.

    www.resilience-project.eu.

  36. 36.

    www.who.int/mental_health/emergencies/9781424334445/en. Accessed 20 May 2017.

  37. 37.

    See https://mhpss.net. It should be considered that the website is not an official WHO but supported by US AID.

  38. 38.

    http://www.who.int/mental_health/en/.

  39. 39.

    www.whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241548236_eng.pdf . Accessed 2 May 2017.

  40. 40.

    www.alnap.org/pool/.../unhcr-participatory-assessments-2014.pdf.

  41. 41.

    www.who.int/whosis/icd10.

  42. 42.

    www.dsm5.org/.

  43. 43.

    www.who.int, mhGAP intervention guide—version 2.0.

  44. 44.

    http://hprt-cambridge.org/screening/hopkins-symptom-checklist/.

  45. 45.

    https://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/wmhcidi .

  46. 46.

    http://www.pharos.nl/information-in-english/protect-recognition-and-orientation-of-torture-victims.

  47. 47.

    http://www.unhcr.org/protection/children/50f6d1259/listen-learn-participatory-assessment-children-adolescents.html. Accessed 10 Jun 17.

  48. 48.

    http://cpwg.net/. Accessed 10 Jun 17.

  49. 49.

    www.savethechildren.org.uk/.../children_and_partipation_1.pdf. Accessed 10 Jun 17.

  50. 50.

    http://www.wagingpeace.info/index.php/the-drawings. Accessed 10 Mar 16.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. World Psychiatric Association Scientific Section, Psychological Aspects of Persecution and Torture, Geneva, Switzerland

    Thomas Wenzel

  2. Trauma Assessment and Child Protection Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Sabine Völkl-Kernstock

  3. Department of Child- and Youth Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Sabine Völkl-Kernstock

  4. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights, Vienna, Austria

    Tatiana Urdaneta Wittek

  5. Psychiatry, Keck Hospital of USC, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    David Baron

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  1. Thomas Wenzel
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  2. Sabine Völkl-Kernstock
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  3. Tatiana Urdaneta Wittek
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  4. David Baron
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Correspondence to Thomas Wenzel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. World Psychiatric Association Scientific Section, Psychological Aspects of Persecution and Torture, Geneva, Switzerland

    Thomas Wenzel

  2. PsyQ/Parnassia Group, Rosmalen/Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Boris Drožđek

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Wenzel, T., Völkl-Kernstock, S., Wittek, T.U., Baron, D. (2019). Identifying Needs, Vulnerabilities and Resources in Refugee Persons and Groups. In: Wenzel, T., Drožđek, B. (eds) An Uncertain Safety. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72914-5_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72914-5_4

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