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The Treatment of Axial and Foot Dystonia

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Advanced Technologies for the Rehabilitation of Gait and Balance Disorders

Part of the book series: Biosystems & Biorobotics ((BIOSYSROB,volume 19))

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Abstract

Dystonia is a movement disorder that consists of sustained or intermittent muscle contractions leading to abnormal movements or sustained postures. The spectrum of dystonia is heterogeneous, as a result of the involvement of different body regions, the range of different patterns of body distribution, and the different etiologies (environmental factors, hereditary or sporadic neuronal dysfunction, neurodegenerative disease). The age at onset, body distribution, temporal pattern, and associated clinical manifestations are the main features that differentiate the various types of dystonia.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurological Rehabilitation Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy

    Micol Avenali, Roberto De Icco & Cristina Tassorelli

  2. Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Micol Avenali, Roberto De Icco & Cristina Tassorelli

Authors
  1. Micol Avenali
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  2. Roberto De Icco
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  3. Cristina Tassorelli
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Micol Avenali .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy

    Giorgio Sandrini

  2. SRH Gesundheitszentrum Bad Wimpfen , Bad Wimpfen, Germany

    Volker Homberg

  3. Department of Neurology, Hospital Hochzirl, Zirl, Austria

    Leopold Saltuari

  4. Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, Verona University, Verona, Italy

    Nicola Smania

  5. Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Alessandra Pedrocchi

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Avenali, M., De Icco, R., Tassorelli, C. (2018). The Treatment of Axial and Foot Dystonia. In: Sandrini, G., Homberg, V., Saltuari, L., Smania, N., Pedrocchi, A. (eds) Advanced Technologies for the Rehabilitation of Gait and Balance Disorders. Biosystems & Biorobotics, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72736-3_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72736-3_11

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