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Advanced Technologies for the Rehabilitation of Gait and Balance Disorders pp 3–28Cite as

An Overview of the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Postural Control

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Part of the book series: Biosystems & Biorobotics ((BIOSYSROB,volume 19))

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview of the role played by the postural control system in the production of postural tone, stability and orientation. Sensory inputs are integrated at the level of the central nervous system, and postural responses, that are generated by the spinal and supraspinal centers, can be selected according to prior experience, the degree of postural stabilization, and the environment. Since human upright stance is an unstable condition, several diseases affecting the peripheral and central nervous system can lead to different degrees of balance impairment. In order to create a link between physiology of postural control and disease, a brief description of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying abnormalities of the postural control system in common diseases of the nervous system is also given.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Studi Attività Motorie, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Antonio Nardone

  2. Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Antonio Nardone

  3. Posture and Movement Laboratory, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Veruno, IRCCS, 28010, Veruno, NO, Italy

    Anna Maria Turcato

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  1. Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy

    Giorgio Sandrini

  2. SRH Gesundheitszentrum Bad Wimpfen , Bad Wimpfen, Germany

    Volker Homberg

  3. Department of Neurology, Hospital Hochzirl, Zirl, Austria

    Leopold Saltuari

  4. Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, Verona University, Verona, Italy

    Nicola Smania

  5. Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Alessandra Pedrocchi

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Nardone, A., Turcato, A.M. (2018). An Overview of the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Postural Control. In: Sandrini, G., Homberg, V., Saltuari, L., Smania, N., Pedrocchi, A. (eds) Advanced Technologies for the Rehabilitation of Gait and Balance Disorders. Biosystems & Biorobotics, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72736-3_1

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